# Yakovlev Yak 18T — yak18t_fltrep18 # NOT FOR FLIGHT — source fidelity: unreviewed | operational review: none | completeness: full # Source: Yakovlev/Yak 18T/yak18t_fltrep18.txt # Rights: licensed # Checklist hash: d554d9058dfbb6bdeae47891b2b6a24eae64f1377c6dfdcabd02cf5819a80e84 # Verify against the aircraft's own approved documentation before use. section_id phase criticality section_title item_index item_id type tickable memory_item indent text response condition detail reference normal Yak 18T Flight Report — General Description 0 subtitle no no 0 General reference normal Yak 18T Flight Report — General Description 1 note no no 0 A four-seat tourer-cum-aerobatic trainer, the 18T was designed by Yuri Yankyevich and first flew in 1967. reference normal Yak 18T Flight Report — General Description 2 note no no 0 More than a thousand have been produced and delivered, mainly to Eastern Bloc countries. The manufacturing licence was subsequently bought by TechnoAvia in Moscow. reference normal Yak 18T Flight Report — General Description 3 note no no 0 Nine-cylinder supercharged Vedeneyev 360hp M-14P radial engine. reference normal Yak 18T Flight Report — General Description 4 note no no 0 At 27 1/2 feet long and 36 1/2 feet span, the Yak is nearly four feet longer and a foot wider than a Piper Warrior. reference normal Yak 18T Flight Report — General Description 5 subtitle no no 0 Construction reference normal Yak 18T Flight Report — General Description 6 note no no 0 Riveted alloy panels form the main structure. The rudder, double-braced tailplane and elevator are fabric covered. reference normal Yak 18T Flight Report — General Description 7 note no no 0 The split elevator has an adjustable trim-tab on each side, while the rudder carries only a fixed tab. reference normal Yak 18T Flight Report — General Description 8 note no no 0 The wing centre-section carries an oil radiator in the starboard wing-root and a large metal single-position plain flap-cum airbrake across its span, plus the inward-retracting main gear legs. reference normal Yak 18T Flight Report — General Description 9 note no no 0 The battery is mounted on a hinged tray in the port wing-root, released by three Camlock fasteners, and may be dropped down for service. reference normal Yak 18T Flight Report — General Description 10 note no no 0 External power connector behind a small access door near the port wing-root. reference normal Yak 18T Flight Report — General Description 11 subtitle no no 0 Wings and Fuel reference normal Yak 18T Flight Report — General Description 12 note no no 0 The wing dihedral starts at the break point just outboard of the main undercarriage. The outer wing panels are fabric-covered and can be removed. reference normal Yak 18T Flight Report — General Description 13 note no no 0 The port wing carries a long barber's-pole-striped pitot tube, the stall warning vane, and a large-diameter landing light. The Frieze ailerons are also fabric-covered, while tie-down rings are provided near each wingtip. reference normal Yak 18T Flight Report — General Description 14 note no no 0 Each wing contains a 95 litre (21 imperial gallon) fuel tank, of which four litres are unusable. reference normal Yak 18T Flight Report — General Description 15 subtitle no no 0 Undercarriage reference normal Yak 18T Flight Report — General Description 16 note no no 0 On each of the three gear legs is a small, forward-facing white light for the benefit of the flight dispatcher to confirm undercarriage down at night. reference normal Yak 18T Flight Report — General Description 17 note no no 0 Three small mechanical plungers protrude — one from the top surface of each wing and one just in front of the windscreen — to act as a belt-and-braces method of checking the undercarriage position. reference normal Yak 18T Flight Report — General Description 18 note no no 0 Main wheels are 5.00 x 500. Long anti-static wicks trail from each main wheel assembly. reference normal Yak 18T Flight Report — General Description 19 subtitle no no 0 Cockpit and Equipment reference normal Yak 18T Flight Report — General Description 20 note no no 0 Each door is individually jettisonable via a prominent red handle below the panel. The aircraft can be flown with both doors removed. reference normal Yak 18T Flight Report — General Description 21 note no no 0 The front seats are fore-and-aft adjustable. Four-point harness is fitted; no central fifth g-strap nor second aerobatic security strap is provided. reference normal Yak 18T Flight Report — General Description 22 note no no 0 The hinged rudder pedals have leather stirrups but no brake pedals. The pedal assemblies are adjustable. reference normal Yak 18T Flight Report — General Description 23 note no no 0 Rear passengers have a wide bench seat behind which sits a large yellow-painted auxiliary fuel tank holding 95 litres, which drains automatically into the wing-tanks. reference normal Yak 18T Flight Report — General Description 24 note no no 0 The cockpit trim and rear seat materials are reminiscent of an early 1960s aeroplane. reference normal Yak 18T Flight Report — General Description 25 note no no 0 The rear side windows boast sliding curtains, also fitted above the two front seats. Two smoked plastic sun visors hinge down from the top of the screens. reference normal Yak 18T Flight Report — General Description 26 note no no 0 A pull-cord arrangement unrolls a miniature window-blind in front of the pilot's screen to facilitate IMC training. reference normal Yak 18T Flight Report — General Description 27 note no no 0 A two-speed, self-parking windscreen wiper is fitted, but no washers. reference normal Yak 18T Flight Report — General Description 28 note no no 0 The panel is dominated centre-stage by a huge electrically-driven and non-toppling artificial horizon. reference normal Yak 18T Flight Report — General Description 29 note no no 0 A gyro-magnetic compass is adjustable for north or south hemispheres and individual latitudes. reference normal Yak 18T Flight Report — General Description 30 subtitle no no 0 Fuel System reference normal Yak 18T Flight Report — General Description 31 note no no 0 A single fuel gauge with a selector switch shows total litres in both tanks on the outer scale, and the contents of the selected tank on the inner scale. reference normal Yak 18T Flight Report — General Description 32 note no no 0 The fuel is controlled by a prominent red T-handle on the panel left of the quadrant. Push for On, pull for Off. reference normal Yak 18T Flight Report — General Description 33 subtitle no no 0 Electrical System reference normal Yak 18T Flight Report — General Description 34 note no no 0 A combined single ammeter/voltmeter is fitted; press its switch for amps, release for volts. reference normal Yak 18T Flight Report — General Description 35 subtitle no no 0 Controls reference normal Yak 18T Flight Report — General Description 36 note no no 0 Each yoke sports two PTT buttons; the left-hand one opens the air-ground transmission circuit, the right-hand one activates the cockpit intercom. reference normal Yak 18T Flight Report — General Description 37 note no no 0 The pneumatically-operated brakes work through a pull-handle on the back of each yoke. The P2 position has an override button to allow the instructor to release the brakes. reference normal Yak 18T Flight Report — General Description 38 note no no 0 The park brake is a small button under the yoke; pull the lever and press the button. reference normal Yak 18T Flight Report — General Description 39 note no no 0 No nose-wheel steering: to turn on the ground, press the appropriate rudder pedal and squeeze the brake lever. reference normal Yak 18T Flight Report — General Description 40 note no no 0 The pitch trimmer is a small handle on the left-hand cockpit wall, low-geared taking five turns from full aft to full nose-down trim. A light indicates neutral trim. reference normal Yak 18T Flight Report — General Description 41 subtitle no no 0 Annunciation and Warning Lights reference normal Yak 18T Flight Report — General Description 42 note no no 0 Annunciation lights show Fuel low and Gen. fail. Two red lights flash Slow and Stall as the aircraft approaches stalling speed. reference normal Yak 18T Flight Report — General Description 43 subtitle no no 0 Undercarriage and Flap Controls reference normal Yak 18T Flight Report — General Description 44 note no no 0 The undercarriage lever is set low down on the left-hand end of the panel, pressed firmly before operation, with a slide-across safety bar. reference normal Yak 18T Flight Report — General Description 45 note no no 0 The two-position (Up and Down) flap lever is on the central quadrant with the cowl gills control, carb heat, oil cooler selector and throttle friction lever. reference normal Yak 18T Flight Report — General Description 46 note no no 0 The prop lever actuates a microswitch which, at anything less than full throttle in fully fine setting, illuminates the landing gear warning light. engine_start normal Starting 0 note no no 0 The big radial requires to be thoroughly warm before flight. engine_start normal Starting 1 note no no 0 For really cold climates the engine oil can be diluted by a button next to the starter, feeding neat petrol into the sump, up to twelve per cent dilution. engine_start normal Starting 2 action yes no 0 Primer SEVERAL PUMPS engine_start normal Starting 3 action yes no 0 Primer selection LINE OR CYLINDER engine_start normal Starting 4 action yes no 0 Starter button outer ring UNLOCK — TURN UNTIL TWO RED DOTS ALIGNED engine_start normal Starting 5 action yes no 0 Master switch and almost all the double row of switches ON engine_start normal Starting 6 action yes no 0 Starter PRESS engine_start normal Starting 7 action yes no 0 After two or three blades have passed the vertical, magneto switch TURN ANTICLOCKWISE TO 1+2 engine_start normal Starting 8 action yes no 0 Throttle (to get all nine cylinders on line) JUDICIOUSLY PUMP engine_start normal Starting 9 action yes no 0 Engine idle AROUND 30 PER CENT taxi normal Taxying 0 note no no 0 Taxying requires a degree of initial concentration, at least until the braking system is mastered for turning. taxi normal Taxying 1 note no no 0 No nose-wheel steering: to initiate a turn requires differential braking by pressing the appropriate rudder pedal, then squeezing the brake lever. before_takeoff normal Pre-flight Run-up 0 note no no 0 The pre-flight run-up only differs slightly from that of a Lycoming or Continental. takeoff normal Take-off 0 action yes no 0 Initial pitch-up overcome by FIRM PUSH FORWARD IMMEDIATELY AFTER LIFT-OFF takeoff normal Take-off 1 action yes no 0 Lift-off speed 130 kph climb normal Climb 0 action yes no 0 Best climb speed 170 kph climb normal Climb 1 action yes no 0 Rudder CONSIDERABLE BOOT REQUIRED AGAINST TORQUE AND P-FACTOR cruise normal Cruise 0 action yes no 0 Cruise setting 59 PER CENT CRANKSHAFT SPEED cruise normal Cruise 1 action yes no 0 Manifold pressure 6 ON DIAL (600mm OF MERCURY) cruise normal Cruise 2 note no no 0 Fly at almost equal settings on the two gauges, e.g. 80/80, 60/6. Throttle and prop levers are well-matched and can be treated almost as one. cruise normal Cruise 3 note no no 0 At 6,000 feet the 59 per cent setting produces 150hp and fuel consumption of eleven gallons an hour at 205kph (110 knots). cruise normal Cruise 4 note no no 0 The M14 radial has a rather irritating harmonic in cruise; both prop and throttle levers vibrate sufficiently to blur their handles. reference normal Aerobatics and Handling 0 note no no 0 Ailerons and elevator are light and responsive, though the rudder is heavier. Full aileron requires only about forty degrees deflection either way. reference normal Aerobatics and Handling 1 note no no 0 The test aircraft had no inverted oil system, so no negative manoeuvres were permitted. An inverted oil system is an option. reference normal Aerobatics and Handling 2 note no no 0 G limits are +6.4/-3.2g. reference normal Stall and Spin 0 action yes no 0 Stall speed (depending on all-up weight and power settings) 100 kph (54 kt) TO 123 kph (65 kt) reference normal Stall and Spin 1 note no no 0 The stall is signalled by a horn, flashing lights and a pre-stall buffet. Roll authority remains present throughout. reference normal Stall and Spin 2 note no no 0 The Yak is cleared for spinning; a three-turn spin and recovery consumes about 2,300 feet loss of height. approach normal Circuit and Approach 0 action yes no 0 Gear and flap extension BELOW 200 kph approach normal Circuit and Approach 1 action yes no 0 Approach speed 150 kph approach normal Circuit and Approach 2 action yes no 0 Trim (with two occupants) FULL AFT approach normal Circuit and Approach 3 action yes no 0 Threshold speed 140 kph approach normal Circuit and Approach 4 action yes no 0 Touch-down speed AROUND 115 kph approach normal Circuit and Approach 5 note no no 0 In the last stages of final approach and flare, the airfield disappears under the nose; look peripherally to judge height and keep directionally straight. approach normal Circuit and Approach 6 note no no 0 There is little float; touchdown occurs about six inches before one expects it. Unless the yoke is right back at contact, the nose-wheel drops with a thump. go_around normal Touch-and-go / Balked Landing 0 action yes no 0 Aft trim UNWIND RAPIDLY TO NEUTRAL go_around normal Touch-and-go / Balked Landing 1 action yes no 0 Prop and throttle PUSH FIRMLY FORWARD go_around normal Touch-and-go / Balked Landing 2 action yes no 0 Flaps UP go_around normal Touch-and-go / Balked Landing 3 action yes no 0 Undercarriage RETRACT go_around normal Touch-and-go / Balked Landing 4 action yes no 0 Shoulder harness (before going round) UNLOCK go_around normal Touch-and-go / Balked Landing 5 note no no 0 Pitch-up is accentuated if flaps are still down or trim hasn't reached neutral by lift-off. landing normal Landing 0 action yes no 0 Brakes MUST NOT BE USED OVER 110 kph landing normal Landing 1 note no no 0 Deceleration after landing is noticeable, even without brakes. reference normal Dimensions 0 action yes no 0 Length 27 ft 6 in reference normal Dimensions 1 action yes no 0 Height 11 ft 2 in reference normal Dimensions 2 action yes no 0 Wing span 36 ft 7 in reference normal Dimensions 3 action yes no 0 Wing area 202.36 sq ft weight_and_balance normal Weights and Loadings 0 action yes no 0 Max AUW (utility) 3,637 lb weight_and_balance normal Weights and Loadings 1 action yes no 0 Max AUW (aerobatic) 3,307 lb weight_and_balance normal Weights and Loadings 2 action yes no 0 Empty weight 2,683 lb weight_and_balance normal Weights and Loadings 3 action yes no 0 Useful load (utility) 954 lb weight_and_balance normal Weights and Loadings 4 action yes no 0 Useful load (aerobatic) 624 lb weight_and_balance normal Weights and Loadings 5 action yes no 0 Fuel capacity (as tested) 62.7 imp gall weight_and_balance normal Weights and Loadings 6 action yes no 0 Wing loading (utility) 17.97 lb/sq ft weight_and_balance normal Weights and Loadings 7 action yes no 0 Wing loading (aerobatic) 16.34 lb/sq ft weight_and_balance normal Weights and Loadings 8 action yes no 0 Power loading (utility) 10.10 lb/hp weight_and_balance normal Weights and Loadings 9 action yes no 0 Power loading (aerobatic) 9.18 lb/hp performance normal Performance 0 action yes no 0 Cruise at 59% crank speed 110 kt performance normal Performance 1 action yes no 0 Max speed in level flight 156 kt performance normal Performance 2 action yes no 0 Vne 161 kt performance normal Performance 3 action yes no 0 Stall (clean) 64 kt performance normal Performance 4 action yes no 0 Stall (with flaps and gear) 55 kt performance normal Performance 5 action yes no 0 Take-off roll (firm grass) 370 m performance normal Performance 6 action yes no 0 Landing roll (firm grass) 390 m performance normal Performance 7 action yes no 0 Take-off (firm grass, to 50 ft) 690 m performance normal Performance 8 action yes no 0 Landing (firm grass, from 50 ft) 790 m performance normal Performance 9 action yes no 0 Range (as tested, with reserves) 485 nm performance normal Performance 10 action yes no 0 Rate of climb at s/l 1,082 ft/min performance normal Performance 11 action yes no 0 Service ceiling 18,000 ft reference normal Engine and Propeller 0 action yes no 0 Engine Vedeneyev M-14P supercharged single-row air-cooled nine-cylinder radial, 360 hp at 99 per cent crankshaft speed (2,900 rpm) reference normal Engine and Propeller 1 action yes no 0 Propeller B530TA-A35 constant speed, two-bladed, wood, 94.5 inches diameter