Piper PA-44-180 Seminole — Normal Operating Procedures NOT FOR FLIGHT — source fidelity: not_applicable | operational review: none | completeness: normal_only | 1 unresolved safety defect(s) Source: authored — no source document Rights: original_expression CC-BY-4.0 Checklist hash: c281bbeda9c881131907684e809227893cb3616123f6feb8604e0a5dec2d5492 Verify against the aircraft's own approved documentation before use. ======================================================================== PREFLIGHT WALK-AROUND --------------------- [ ] Aircraft documents (ARROW) ..................... ON BOARD AND CURRENT [ ] Weight and balance — computed for actual payload and fuel load ... WITHIN LIMITS PER POH [ ] Weather briefing and NOTAMs ...... OBTAINED; FLIGHT PLANNING COMPLETE [ ] Left fuel quantity — visually confirm tank level through filler port; compare with gauge ... QUANTITY CONFIRMED; ADEQUATE WITH RESERVES PER POH [ ] Left fuel filler cap ............................. SECURED AND LOCKED [ ] Left fuel sump drains — sample fuel at sump and wing root ... CLEAR, CORRECT GRADE, NO WATER OR SEDIMENT [ ] Left engine oil level — check dipstick and secure cap ... WITHIN OPERATING RANGE PER POH; CAP SECURE [ ] Left engine compartment — oil lines, fuel lines, hoses, wiring, and induction system ... NO LEAKS, CHAFING, OR LOOSE CONNECTIONS [ ] Left engine exhaust stacks and heat shroud ... NO CRACKS, CARBON DEPOSITS, OR LOOSE HARDWARE [ ] Left cowling and access panels ..... CLOSED AND ALL FASTENERS SECURED [ ] Left propeller — blades for nicks, cracks, erosion, and oil on leading face ... SERVICEABLE; NO DAMAGE OR OIL LEAKAGE [ ] Left propeller spinner and back plate ... SECURE; NO CRACKS OR LOOSE FASTENERS [ ] Left main gear — strut inflation, tire condition and inflation, brake assembly, and gear door ... STRUT NORMAL; TIRE SERVICEABLE; BRAKES ADEQUATE; DOOR UNDAMAGED [ ] Left main gear torque links, oleo, and down-lock ... SECURE; NO DAMAGE [ ] Left wing leading edge and skin — dings, deformation, fuel staining ... NO DAMAGE [ ] Left aileron — hinges, control rod end, balance weight, and travel ... SECURE; FULL AND FREE MOVEMENT [ ] Left flap — hinge pins, actuator arm, and condition ... SECURE; NO DAMAGE [ ] Left wingtip — navigation light and strobe lens ... UNDAMAGED; LENS INTACT [ ] Nose area — nose gear strut, tire, torque links, shimmy damper, and gear door ... STRUT NORMAL; TIRE SERVICEABLE; HARDWARE SECURE [ ] Pitot tube — cover removed and inlet clear ... COVER REMOVED; UNOBSTRUCTED [ ] Static ports — both sides of fuselage clear ............ UNOBSTRUCTED [ ] Fuselage skin, antennas, and cabin door seals ... NO DAMAGE; ANTENNAS SECURE; SEALS INTACT [ ] Horizontal stabilizer, elevator, and trim tab — both sides ... UNDAMAGED; HINGES SECURE; NO EXCESSIVE PLAY [ ] Vertical stabilizer and rudder — hinges and travel ... UNDAMAGED; FREE AND FULL MOVEMENT [ ] Tail beacon and position light .................. LENS INTACT; SECURE [ ] ELT — armed switch and antenna connection ... ARMED; ANTENNA CONNECTED [ ] Right wing — leading edge, skin, aileron, flap, tip light, and fuel cap ... UNDAMAGED; CONTROLS FREE; CAP LOCKED [ ] Right fuel sump — sample at wing root and sump ... CLEAR, CORRECT GRADE, NO CONTAMINATION [ ] Right fuel quantity — visual check at filler port ... QUANTITY CONFIRMED; ADEQUATE WITH RESERVES PER POH [ ] Right main gear — strut, tire, brakes, and gear door ... STRUT NORMAL; TIRE SERVICEABLE; BRAKES ADEQUATE; DOOR UNDAMAGED [ ] Right engine oil, cowling, propeller, exhaust, and engine compartment ... OIL IN RANGE; ALL SECURE; PROPELLER SERVICEABLE; NO LEAKS [ ] Chocks, tiedowns, and external control locks ............ ALL REMOVED COCKPIT PREPARATION / BEFORE START ---------------------------------- [ ] Seats and rudder pedals — adjusted for both occupants ... ADJUSTED AND LOCKED [ ] Seat belts and shoulder harnesses ............. FASTENED AND ADJUSTED [ ] Baggage door and cabin doors ..................... CLOSED AND LATCHED [ ] Flight controls — aileron, elevator, and rudder for full and free movement ... CORRECT AND FREE [ ] Parking brake ................................................... SET [ ] Fuel selectors — left engine to left tank, right engine to right tank ... LEFT ON LEFT; RIGHT ON RIGHT [ ] Fuel shutoff valves — both engines ............................. OPEN [ ] Mixture controls — both engines ................................ RICH [ ] Propeller controls — both engines ...................... FULL FORWARD [ ] Throttles — both engines ..................................... CLOSED [ ] Master switch (battery) .......................................... ON [ ] Fuel quantity gauges — both sides ... CHECKED; CONSISTENT WITH VISUAL INSPECTION [ ] Avionics master ........................... OFF (before engine start) [ ] Circuit breakers — all positions ...................... IN AND SECURE [ ] Exterior lights — as needed ..................................... SET [ ] Primer — left and right engines ... PRIMED AS REQUIRED PER POH; LOCKED ENGINE START ------------ ** WARNING: Confirm area is clear of personnel and obstacles before energizing the starter. Shout 'CLEAR PROP' on both sides before starting each engine. [ ] Brakes ......................................................... HELD [ ] Area — visually clear before each engine start ................ CLEAR [ ] Left throttle — cracked open per POH ............................ SET [ ] Left ignition switch ............... START; RELEASE WHEN ENGINE FIRES [ ] Left engine — oil pressure rise within time limit per POH ... PRESSURE RISING [ ] Left engine — idle stabilized; check for unusual noise or vibration ... RUNNING SMOOTHLY [ ] Right throttle — cracked open per POH ........................... SET [ ] Right ignition switch .............. START; RELEASE WHEN ENGINE FIRES [ ] Right engine — oil pressure rise within time limit per POH ... PRESSURE RISING [ ] Right engine — idle stabilized; check for unusual noise or vibration ... RUNNING SMOOTHLY [ ] Avionics master .................................................. ON [ ] Radios and navigation equipment ................. ON; FREQUENCIES SET [ ] Alternators — both engines, charge indicators .............. CHARGING AFTER START / BEFORE TAXI ------------------------- [ ] Oil pressure — both engines ............................ IN GREEN ARC [ ] Oil temperature — both engines ... MONITORING; APPROACHING OPERATING RANGE [ ] Alternator output — both engines ......... CHECKED; CHARGING NORMALLY [ ] Suction gauge (vacuum) ......................... IN GREEN ARC PER POH [ ] Fuel quantity — both engines confirmed ...................... CHECKED [ ] Transponder ........................................... SET; ALT MODE [ ] ATIS/weather — obtained for departure airport .............. OBTAINED [ ] Taxi clearance ............................................. RECEIVED [ ] Parking brake .............................................. RELEASED RUN-UP / BEFORE TAKEOFF ----------------------- [ ] Brakes .............................................. SET AND HOLDING [ ] Flight controls — final check for correct and free movement ... CORRECT AND FREE [ ] Trim — elevator set for takeoff ......................... SET PER POH [ ] Flaps — takeoff position ................................ SET PER POH [ ] Fuel selectors — both engines on respective tanks ... LEFT ON LEFT; RIGHT ON RIGHT; CONFIRMED [ ] Fuel shutoff valves — both engines ............................. OPEN [ ] Mixture controls — both engines ... RICH (or adjusted for density altitude per POH) [ ] Propeller controls — both engines, full forward ........ FULL FORWARD [ ] Left engine run-up — advance throttle to run-up RPM per POH ... RPM STABLE [ ] Left magneto check — select LEFT, note RPM drop; select RIGHT, note drop; return to BOTH ... DROPS WITHIN LIMITS PER POH; NO ROUGHNESS [ ] Left propeller cycle — advance to full forward, reduce RPM per POH, observe RPM drop, advance back to full forward ... RPM DROP NOTED; RETURNED TO FULL FORWARD [ ] Left carburetor heat — apply heat, observe slight RPM drop and possible smoothing; return to COLD ... DROP NOTED; RETURNED TO COLD [ ] Left engine gauges — oil pressure, oil temperature, fuel pressure, manifold pressure ... ALL IN GREEN ARCS PER POH [ ] Left throttle — return to idle ................................. IDLE [ ] Right engine run-up — advance throttle to run-up RPM per POH ... RPM STABLE [ ] Right magneto check — LEFT, RIGHT, BOTH ... DROPS WITHIN LIMITS PER POH; NO ROUGHNESS [ ] Right propeller cycle — full forward, reduce RPM, observe drop, advance back to full forward ... RPM DROP NOTED; RETURNED TO FULL FORWARD [ ] Right carburetor heat — apply and check, return to COLD ... DROP NOTED; RETURNED TO COLD [ ] Right engine gauges — oil pressure, oil temperature, fuel pressure, manifold pressure ... ALL IN GREEN ARCS PER POH [ ] Right throttle — return to idle ................................ IDLE [ ] Gear handle ..................... DOWN AND LOCKED; THREE GREEN LIGHTS [ ] Doors and windows ................................ CLOSED AND LATCHED [ ] Instruments — gyros erect, altimeter set, heading indicator aligned with compass ... SET AND CHECKED [ ] Lights — strobes and landing light as required ................... ON [ ] Engine-out procedures and Vyse — briefed ............ BRIEFED PER POH [ ] Takeoff clearance ............................ RECEIVED OR AREA CLEAR TAKEOFF ------- [ ] Throttles — advance together smoothly to full power ... FULL POWER; BOTH ENGINES CONFIRMED [ ] Engine gauges — scan both engines during takeoff roll ... POWER EQUAL; ALL GAUGES GREEN [ ] Directional control — maintain runway centerline with rudder ... TRACKING CENTERLINE [ ] Rotate — lift nosewheel at rotation speed per POH .... ROTATE PER POH [ ] Positive rate of climb — verify on VSI and altimeter ... POSITIVE RATE CONFIRMED [ ] Landing gear — retract ....................... GEAR UP; NO RED LIGHTS [ ] Airspeed — accelerate to Vy or as directed by departure procedure ... ESTABLISHED PER POH [ ] Flaps — retract at safe altitude and speed per POH ... RETRACTED PER POH CLIMB ----- [ ] Airspeed — establish climb speed per POH ................ SET PER POH [ ] Power — reduce from takeoff power to climb power per POH; both engines ... SET PER POH [ ] Propeller controls — reduce to climb RPM per POH ........ SET PER POH [ ] Mixture — adjust for altitude per POH .............. ADJUSTED PER POH [ ] Engine gauges — oil pressure, oil temp, CHT, fuel pressure, both engines ... ALL IN GREEN ARCS [ ] Alternator output — both engines .................. CHARGING NORMALLY [ ] Gear — verify up and lights extinguished ..... GEAR UP; NO RED LIGHTS [ ] Fuel selectors — confirm both engines on correct tanks ... LEFT ON LEFT; RIGHT ON RIGHT [ ] Carburetor heat — consider application in conditions conducive to icing per POH ... AS REQUIRED CRUISE ------ [ ] Power — set cruise power for both engines per POH; match manifold pressure and RPM ... SET PER POH; ENGINES SYNCHRONIZED [ ] Mixture — lean for cruise altitude per POH ........... LEANED PER POH [ ] Engine gauges — oil pressure, oil temperature, CHT, EGT, fuel pressure; both engines ... ALL IN GREEN ARCS PER POH [ ] Fuel quantities — both tanks; monitor for crossfeed if applicable per POH ... MONITORED; BALANCED PER POH [ ] Trim — aircraft trimmed for hands-off level flight .......... TRIMMED [ ] Alternators — both engines producing; electrical loads balanced ... CHARGING; LOAD BALANCED [ ] Vacuum — in operating range ............................ IN GREEN ARC [ ] Carburetor heat — apply as required for icing conditions per POH ... AS REQUIRED [ ] Fuel burn check — confirm consumption rate consistent with planning ... CHECKED DESCENT ------- [ ] ATIS/AWOS — obtain destination weather ...... OBTAINED; ALTIMETER SET [ ] Fuel quantities — both tanks sufficient for approach and alternate if required ... CHECKED; ADEQUATE [ ] Fuel selectors — both engines on correct respective tanks ... CONFIRMED [ ] Mixture — enrich as altitude decreases per POH ..... ENRICHED PER POH [ ] Power — reduce gradually; avoid shock-cooling by monitoring CHT ... REDUCED PER POH; CHT MONITORED [ ] Carburetor heat — apply when reducing power in descent; monitor for icing ... APPLIED AS REQUIRED PER POH [ ] Engine gauges — both engines; confirm all parameters normal in reduced-power descent ... ALL IN NORMAL RANGE [ ] Approach briefing — runway, pattern altitude, landing configuration, abort point ... BRIEFED BEFORE LANDING (GUMPS) ---------------------- ** NOTE: Complete the GUMPS check on downwind, base, and final. [ ] G — Gas: fuel selectors on correct respective tanks for each engine; shutoff valves open ... LEFT ON LEFT; RIGHT ON RIGHT; VALVES OPEN [ ] U — Undercarriage: gear handle DOWN; three green lights; no red lights ... GEAR DOWN AND LOCKED; THREE GREEN [ ] M — Mixture: both engines rich for landing ................ BOTH RICH [ ] P — Propellers: both engines to full forward (high RPM) for go-around capability ... BOTH FULL FORWARD [ ] S — Seat belts and switches: belts on; landing light on; boost pumps on if required per POH ... BELTS FASTENED; LIGHT ON; PUMPS AS REQUIRED [ ] Flaps — set for landing approach per POH ................ SET PER POH [ ] Airspeed — stabilize at approach speed per POH by final ... STABILIZED AT VREF PER POH [ ] Engine gauges — both engines; power sufficient for go-around ... CONFIRMED; POWER AVAILABLE GEAR CHECK — THREE GREENS CONFIRMED ----------------------------------- (Retractable gear — perform before each landing) [ ] Gear selector handle — DOWN position ........................... DOWN [ ] Three green indicator lights — illuminated .............. THREE GREEN [ ] Gear position light — no red warning lights illuminated ... NO RED LIGHTS [ ] Landing gear warning horn — test if equipped and conditions met per POH ... TESTED / SILENT AS APPROPRIATE LANDING ------- [ ] Final approach — stabilized on centerline, glidepath, and airspeed by published gate ... STABLE APPROACH CONFIRMED [ ] Threshold — aim point established; airspeed per POH ... VREF MAINTAINED [ ] Flare — reduce power smoothly over the threshold to idle ... POWER TO IDLE IN FLARE [ ] Touchdown — on main gear; track centerline with rudder ... SMOOTH TOUCHDOWN; CENTERLINE MAINTAINED [ ] Nosewheel — lower smoothly after speed decreases ... LOWERED SMOOTHLY [ ] Braking — apply as needed; avoid skidding ......... APPLIED AS NEEDED [ ] Flaps — retract after clear of runway ... RETRACTED AFTER CLEARING RUNWAY GO-AROUND --------- [ ] Throttles — both engines, advance smoothly to full power ... FULL POWER [ ] Pitch — establish climb attitude per POH ............. CLIMB ATTITUDE [ ] Flaps — retract incrementally per POH; do not retract all at once close to the ground ... INCREMENTAL RETRACTION PER POH [ ] Positive rate of climb — verify on VSI ...... POSITIVE RATE CONFIRMED [ ] Landing gear — retract once positive rate established ....... GEAR UP [ ] Airspeed — accelerate to Vy or climb speed per POH ... ESTABLISHED PER POH [ ] ATC — advise of go-around .................................. NOTIFIED AFTER LANDING ------------- [ ] Flaps — retract after clearing runway ..................... RETRACTED [ ] Carburetor heat — both engines, return to COLD ................. COLD [ ] Landing light — off when clear of runway if no longer needed ... OFF OR AS REQUIRED [ ] Transponder — set to ground mode or as per local procedure ...... SET [ ] Fuel selectors — confirm both on respective tanks ......... CONFIRMED [ ] Taxi to parking — clear of active runway before performing checklist items ... CLEAR OF RUNWAY ENGINE SHUTDOWN --------------- [ ] Parking brake ................................................... SET [ ] Throttles — both engines to idle ............................... IDLE [ ] Avionics master ................................................. OFF [ ] Allow engines to cool at idle — per POH idle time before shutdown ... COOLING PERIOD COMPLETE [ ] Mixture — both engines, pull to IDLE CUTOFF simultaneously or in sequence per POH ... IDLE CUTOFF; BOTH ENGINES STOPPING [ ] Ignition switches — both engines, OFF after engines stop ........ OFF [ ] Throttles — both engines, closed ............................. CLOSED [ ] Fuel selectors — both engines ... OFF (or per POH / operator guidance) [ ] Master switch ................................................... OFF SECURING THE AIRCRAFT --------------------- [ ] Control lock .............................................. INSTALLED [ ] Flaps ..................................................... RETRACTED [ ] Pitot cover ............................................... INSTALLED [ ] Tiedowns — wing and tail .................................... SECURED [ ] Wheel chocks ............................................... IN PLACE [ ] Fuel — fill tanks if appropriate to prevent moisture condensation overnight ... TOPPED OR PER OPERATOR PREFERENCE [ ] Oil levels — check both engines while warm; top up as needed ... CHECKED; TOPPED AS REQUIRED [ ] Hobbs and tach times — record for both engines ... RECORDED IN LOGBOOK [ ] Logbook — squawks or discrepancies noted ................... RECORDED [ ] Cabin doors and windows ........................... CLOSED AND LOCKED