{
  "open_checklist_version": "1.0",
  "id": "piper-pa44-180-normal",
  "title": "Piper PA-44-180 Seminole — Normal Operating Procedures",
  "description": "Normal operating procedures for the Piper PA-44-180 Seminole twin-engine trainer. Covers preflight walk-around through shutdown and securing. The Seminole has counter-rotating propellers (left engine standard rotation, right engine opposite rotation), which eliminates the critical engine problem. Each engine has an independent fuel system with its own selector; confirm selectors are on the correct tank before every phase. Both engines have Lycoming O-360 carbureted piston engines — carburetor heat is available and should be used per the POH. Gear is retractable; know the emergency extension procedure before flight. All airspeeds, power settings, fuel quantities, manifold pressure values, and performance limits must come from the specific aircraft POH. Not a substitute for dual instruction or a multi-engine checkout with a qualified instructor.",
  "aircraft": {
    "make": "Piper",
    "model": "PA-44-180",
    "variant": "Seminole",
    "icao_type": "PA44",
    "category": "standard_normal",
    "engine": [
      {
        "make": "Lycoming",
        "model": "O-360",
        "type": "piston_4stroke",
        "count": 2
      }
    ],
    "propeller": "constant_speed",
    "gear": "retractable"
  },
  "units": {
    "airspeed": "kt",
    "altitude": "ft",
    "fuel": "usgal",
    "weight": "lb",
    "pressure": "inhg",
    "temperature": "f"
  },
  "provenance": {
    "source": {
      "kind": "none",
      "notes": "No manufacturer document consulted. Written from general familiarity with the type."
    },
    "transcription": {
      "method": "authored",
      "tool": "claude-sonnet-4-6",
      "date": "2026-08-11"
    },
    "contributors": [
      {
        "name": "Open Checklists project",
        "role": [
          "author"
        ]
      }
    ],
    "revision": {
      "file_revision": "0.1.0",
      "updated": "2026-08-11"
    }
  },
  "verification": {
    "source_fidelity": "not_applicable",
    "operational_review": "none",
    "completeness": "normal_only",
    "known_issues": [
      {
        "severity": "safety_defect",
        "description": "Contains no airspeeds, power settings, fuel quantities, or other numerical limitations — all must come from the specific aircraft POH.",
        "location": "whole file"
      },
      {
        "severity": "content_gap",
        "description": "Equipment and avionics vary across PA-44-180 airframes. Verify every item against the specific aircraft and its POH before use.",
        "location": "whole file"
      }
    ]
  },
  "rights": {
    "status": "original_expression",
    "corpus_license": "CC-BY-4.0",
    "redistribution": "attribution_required",
    "notes": "Manufacturer POH remains under copyright. This file does not reproduce its wording or selection of items."
  },
  "sections": [
    {
      "id": "preflight-inspection",
      "phase": "preflight_inspection",
      "title": "Preflight Walk-Around",
      "items": [
        {
          "type": "action",
          "text": "Aircraft documents (ARROW)",
          "response": "ON BOARD AND CURRENT",
          "tickable": true
        },
        {
          "type": "action",
          "text": "Weight and balance — computed for actual payload and fuel load",
          "response": "WITHIN LIMITS PER POH",
          "tickable": true
        },
        {
          "type": "action",
          "text": "Weather briefing and NOTAMs",
          "response": "OBTAINED; FLIGHT PLANNING COMPLETE",
          "tickable": true
        },
        {
          "type": "action",
          "text": "Left fuel quantity — visually confirm tank level through filler port; compare with gauge",
          "response": "QUANTITY CONFIRMED; ADEQUATE WITH RESERVES PER POH",
          "tickable": true
        },
        {
          "type": "action",
          "text": "Left fuel filler cap",
          "response": "SECURED AND LOCKED",
          "tickable": true
        },
        {
          "type": "action",
          "text": "Left fuel sump drains — sample fuel at sump and wing root",
          "response": "CLEAR, CORRECT GRADE, NO WATER OR SEDIMENT",
          "tickable": true
        },
        {
          "type": "action",
          "text": "Left engine oil level — check dipstick and secure cap",
          "response": "WITHIN OPERATING RANGE PER POH; CAP SECURE",
          "tickable": true
        },
        {
          "type": "action",
          "text": "Left engine compartment — oil lines, fuel lines, hoses, wiring, and induction system",
          "response": "NO LEAKS, CHAFING, OR LOOSE CONNECTIONS",
          "tickable": true
        },
        {
          "type": "action",
          "text": "Left engine exhaust stacks and heat shroud",
          "response": "NO CRACKS, CARBON DEPOSITS, OR LOOSE HARDWARE",
          "tickable": true
        },
        {
          "type": "action",
          "text": "Left cowling and access panels",
          "response": "CLOSED AND ALL FASTENERS SECURED",
          "tickable": true
        },
        {
          "type": "action",
          "text": "Left propeller — blades for nicks, cracks, erosion, and oil on leading face",
          "response": "SERVICEABLE; NO DAMAGE OR OIL LEAKAGE",
          "tickable": true
        },
        {
          "type": "action",
          "text": "Left propeller spinner and back plate",
          "response": "SECURE; NO CRACKS OR LOOSE FASTENERS",
          "tickable": true
        },
        {
          "type": "action",
          "text": "Left main gear — strut inflation, tire condition and inflation, brake assembly, and gear door",
          "response": "STRUT NORMAL; TIRE SERVICEABLE; BRAKES ADEQUATE; DOOR UNDAMAGED",
          "tickable": true
        },
        {
          "type": "action",
          "text": "Left main gear torque links, oleo, and down-lock",
          "response": "SECURE; NO DAMAGE",
          "tickable": true
        },
        {
          "type": "action",
          "text": "Left wing leading edge and skin — dings, deformation, fuel staining",
          "response": "NO DAMAGE",
          "tickable": true
        },
        {
          "type": "action",
          "text": "Left aileron — hinges, control rod end, balance weight, and travel",
          "response": "SECURE; FULL AND FREE MOVEMENT",
          "tickable": true
        },
        {
          "type": "action",
          "text": "Left flap — hinge pins, actuator arm, and condition",
          "response": "SECURE; NO DAMAGE",
          "tickable": true
        },
        {
          "type": "action",
          "text": "Left wingtip — navigation light and strobe lens",
          "response": "UNDAMAGED; LENS INTACT",
          "tickable": true
        },
        {
          "type": "action",
          "text": "Nose area — nose gear strut, tire, torque links, shimmy damper, and gear door",
          "response": "STRUT NORMAL; TIRE SERVICEABLE; HARDWARE SECURE",
          "tickable": true
        },
        {
          "type": "action",
          "text": "Pitot tube — cover removed and inlet clear",
          "response": "COVER REMOVED; UNOBSTRUCTED",
          "tickable": true
        },
        {
          "type": "action",
          "text": "Static ports — both sides of fuselage clear",
          "response": "UNOBSTRUCTED",
          "tickable": true
        },
        {
          "type": "action",
          "text": "Fuselage skin, antennas, and cabin door seals",
          "response": "NO DAMAGE; ANTENNAS SECURE; SEALS INTACT",
          "tickable": true
        },
        {
          "type": "action",
          "text": "Horizontal stabilizer, elevator, and trim tab — both sides",
          "response": "UNDAMAGED; HINGES SECURE; NO EXCESSIVE PLAY",
          "tickable": true
        },
        {
          "type": "action",
          "text": "Vertical stabilizer and rudder — hinges and travel",
          "response": "UNDAMAGED; FREE AND FULL MOVEMENT",
          "tickable": true
        },
        {
          "type": "action",
          "text": "Tail beacon and position light",
          "response": "LENS INTACT; SECURE",
          "tickable": true
        },
        {
          "type": "action",
          "text": "ELT — armed switch and antenna connection",
          "response": "ARMED; ANTENNA CONNECTED",
          "tickable": true
        },
        {
          "type": "action",
          "text": "Right wing — leading edge, skin, aileron, flap, tip light, and fuel cap",
          "response": "UNDAMAGED; CONTROLS FREE; CAP LOCKED",
          "tickable": true
        },
        {
          "type": "action",
          "text": "Right fuel sump — sample at wing root and sump",
          "response": "CLEAR, CORRECT GRADE, NO CONTAMINATION",
          "tickable": true
        },
        {
          "type": "action",
          "text": "Right fuel quantity — visual check at filler port",
          "response": "QUANTITY CONFIRMED; ADEQUATE WITH RESERVES PER POH",
          "tickable": true
        },
        {
          "type": "action",
          "text": "Right main gear — strut, tire, brakes, and gear door",
          "response": "STRUT NORMAL; TIRE SERVICEABLE; BRAKES ADEQUATE; DOOR UNDAMAGED",
          "tickable": true
        },
        {
          "type": "action",
          "text": "Right engine oil, cowling, propeller, exhaust, and engine compartment",
          "response": "OIL IN RANGE; ALL SECURE; PROPELLER SERVICEABLE; NO LEAKS",
          "tickable": true
        },
        {
          "type": "action",
          "text": "Chocks, tiedowns, and external control locks",
          "response": "ALL REMOVED",
          "tickable": true
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "cockpit-preparation",
      "phase": "before_start",
      "title": "Cockpit Preparation / Before Start",
      "items": [
        {
          "type": "action",
          "text": "Seats and rudder pedals — adjusted for both occupants",
          "response": "ADJUSTED AND LOCKED",
          "tickable": true
        },
        {
          "type": "action",
          "text": "Seat belts and shoulder harnesses",
          "response": "FASTENED AND ADJUSTED",
          "tickable": true
        },
        {
          "type": "action",
          "text": "Baggage door and cabin doors",
          "response": "CLOSED AND LATCHED",
          "tickable": true
        },
        {
          "type": "action",
          "text": "Flight controls — aileron, elevator, and rudder for full and free movement",
          "response": "CORRECT AND FREE",
          "tickable": true
        },
        {
          "type": "action",
          "text": "Parking brake",
          "response": "SET",
          "tickable": true
        },
        {
          "type": "action",
          "text": "Fuel selectors — left engine to left tank, right engine to right tank",
          "response": "LEFT ON LEFT; RIGHT ON RIGHT",
          "tickable": true
        },
        {
          "type": "action",
          "text": "Fuel shutoff valves — both engines",
          "response": "OPEN",
          "tickable": true
        },
        {
          "type": "action",
          "text": "Mixture controls — both engines",
          "response": "RICH",
          "tickable": true
        },
        {
          "type": "action",
          "text": "Propeller controls — both engines",
          "response": "FULL FORWARD",
          "tickable": true
        },
        {
          "type": "action",
          "text": "Throttles — both engines",
          "response": "CLOSED",
          "tickable": true
        },
        {
          "type": "action",
          "text": "Master switch (battery)",
          "response": "ON",
          "tickable": true
        },
        {
          "type": "action",
          "text": "Fuel quantity gauges — both sides",
          "response": "CHECKED; CONSISTENT WITH VISUAL INSPECTION",
          "tickable": true
        },
        {
          "type": "action",
          "text": "Avionics master",
          "response": "OFF (before engine start)",
          "tickable": true
        },
        {
          "type": "action",
          "text": "Circuit breakers — all positions",
          "response": "IN AND SECURE",
          "tickable": true
        },
        {
          "type": "action",
          "text": "Exterior lights — as needed",
          "response": "SET",
          "tickable": true
        },
        {
          "type": "action",
          "text": "Primer — left and right engines",
          "response": "PRIMED AS REQUIRED PER POH; LOCKED",
          "tickable": true
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "engine-start",
      "phase": "engine_start",
      "title": "Engine Start",
      "items": [
        {
          "type": "warning",
          "text": "Confirm area is clear of personnel and obstacles before energizing the starter. Shout 'CLEAR PROP' on both sides before starting each engine.",
          "tickable": false
        },
        {
          "type": "action",
          "text": "Brakes",
          "response": "HELD",
          "tickable": true
        },
        {
          "type": "action",
          "text": "Area — visually clear before each engine start",
          "response": "CLEAR",
          "tickable": true
        },
        {
          "type": "action",
          "text": "Left throttle — cracked open per POH",
          "response": "SET",
          "tickable": true
        },
        {
          "type": "action",
          "text": "Left ignition switch",
          "response": "START; RELEASE WHEN ENGINE FIRES",
          "tickable": true
        },
        {
          "type": "action",
          "text": "Left engine — oil pressure rise within time limit per POH",
          "response": "PRESSURE RISING",
          "tickable": true
        },
        {
          "type": "action",
          "text": "Left engine — idle stabilized; check for unusual noise or vibration",
          "response": "RUNNING SMOOTHLY",
          "tickable": true
        },
        {
          "type": "action",
          "text": "Right throttle — cracked open per POH",
          "response": "SET",
          "tickable": true
        },
        {
          "type": "action",
          "text": "Right ignition switch",
          "response": "START; RELEASE WHEN ENGINE FIRES",
          "tickable": true
        },
        {
          "type": "action",
          "text": "Right engine — oil pressure rise within time limit per POH",
          "response": "PRESSURE RISING",
          "tickable": true
        },
        {
          "type": "action",
          "text": "Right engine — idle stabilized; check for unusual noise or vibration",
          "response": "RUNNING SMOOTHLY",
          "tickable": true
        },
        {
          "type": "action",
          "text": "Avionics master",
          "response": "ON",
          "tickable": true
        },
        {
          "type": "action",
          "text": "Radios and navigation equipment",
          "response": "ON; FREQUENCIES SET",
          "tickable": true
        },
        {
          "type": "action",
          "text": "Alternators — both engines, charge indicators",
          "response": "CHARGING",
          "tickable": true
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "after-start",
      "phase": "after_start",
      "title": "After Start / Before Taxi",
      "items": [
        {
          "type": "action",
          "text": "Oil pressure — both engines",
          "response": "IN GREEN ARC",
          "tickable": true
        },
        {
          "type": "action",
          "text": "Oil temperature — both engines",
          "response": "MONITORING; APPROACHING OPERATING RANGE",
          "tickable": true
        },
        {
          "type": "action",
          "text": "Alternator output — both engines",
          "response": "CHECKED; CHARGING NORMALLY",
          "tickable": true
        },
        {
          "type": "action",
          "text": "Suction gauge (vacuum)",
          "response": "IN GREEN ARC PER POH",
          "tickable": true
        },
        {
          "type": "action",
          "text": "Fuel quantity — both engines confirmed",
          "response": "CHECKED",
          "tickable": true
        },
        {
          "type": "action",
          "text": "Transponder",
          "response": "SET; ALT MODE",
          "tickable": true
        },
        {
          "type": "action",
          "text": "ATIS/weather — obtained for departure airport",
          "response": "OBTAINED",
          "tickable": true
        },
        {
          "type": "action",
          "text": "Taxi clearance",
          "response": "RECEIVED",
          "tickable": true
        },
        {
          "type": "action",
          "text": "Parking brake",
          "response": "RELEASED",
          "tickable": true
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "before-takeoff",
      "phase": "before_takeoff",
      "title": "Run-Up / Before Takeoff",
      "items": [
        {
          "type": "action",
          "text": "Brakes",
          "response": "SET AND HOLDING",
          "tickable": true
        },
        {
          "type": "action",
          "text": "Flight controls — final check for correct and free movement",
          "response": "CORRECT AND FREE",
          "tickable": true
        },
        {
          "type": "action",
          "text": "Trim — elevator set for takeoff",
          "response": "SET PER POH",
          "tickable": true
        },
        {
          "type": "action",
          "text": "Flaps — takeoff position",
          "response": "SET PER POH",
          "tickable": true
        },
        {
          "type": "action",
          "text": "Fuel selectors — both engines on respective tanks",
          "response": "LEFT ON LEFT; RIGHT ON RIGHT; CONFIRMED",
          "tickable": true
        },
        {
          "type": "action",
          "text": "Fuel shutoff valves — both engines",
          "response": "OPEN",
          "tickable": true
        },
        {
          "type": "action",
          "text": "Mixture controls — both engines",
          "response": "RICH (or adjusted for density altitude per POH)",
          "tickable": true
        },
        {
          "type": "action",
          "text": "Propeller controls — both engines, full forward",
          "response": "FULL FORWARD",
          "tickable": true
        },
        {
          "type": "action",
          "text": "Left engine run-up — advance throttle to run-up RPM per POH",
          "response": "RPM STABLE",
          "tickable": true
        },
        {
          "type": "action",
          "text": "Left magneto check — select LEFT, note RPM drop; select RIGHT, note drop; return to BOTH",
          "response": "DROPS WITHIN LIMITS PER POH; NO ROUGHNESS",
          "tickable": true
        },
        {
          "type": "action",
          "text": "Left propeller cycle — advance to full forward, reduce RPM per POH, observe RPM drop, advance back to full forward",
          "response": "RPM DROP NOTED; RETURNED TO FULL FORWARD",
          "tickable": true
        },
        {
          "type": "action",
          "text": "Left carburetor heat — apply heat, observe slight RPM drop and possible smoothing; return to COLD",
          "response": "DROP NOTED; RETURNED TO COLD",
          "tickable": true
        },
        {
          "type": "action",
          "text": "Left engine gauges — oil pressure, oil temperature, fuel pressure, manifold pressure",
          "response": "ALL IN GREEN ARCS PER POH",
          "tickable": true
        },
        {
          "type": "action",
          "text": "Left throttle — return to idle",
          "response": "IDLE",
          "tickable": true
        },
        {
          "type": "action",
          "text": "Right engine run-up — advance throttle to run-up RPM per POH",
          "response": "RPM STABLE",
          "tickable": true
        },
        {
          "type": "action",
          "text": "Right magneto check — LEFT, RIGHT, BOTH",
          "response": "DROPS WITHIN LIMITS PER POH; NO ROUGHNESS",
          "tickable": true
        },
        {
          "type": "action",
          "text": "Right propeller cycle — full forward, reduce RPM, observe drop, advance back to full forward",
          "response": "RPM DROP NOTED; RETURNED TO FULL FORWARD",
          "tickable": true
        },
        {
          "type": "action",
          "text": "Right carburetor heat — apply and check, return to COLD",
          "response": "DROP NOTED; RETURNED TO COLD",
          "tickable": true
        },
        {
          "type": "action",
          "text": "Right engine gauges — oil pressure, oil temperature, fuel pressure, manifold pressure",
          "response": "ALL IN GREEN ARCS PER POH",
          "tickable": true
        },
        {
          "type": "action",
          "text": "Right throttle — return to idle",
          "response": "IDLE",
          "tickable": true
        },
        {
          "type": "action",
          "text": "Gear handle",
          "response": "DOWN AND LOCKED; THREE GREEN LIGHTS",
          "tickable": true
        },
        {
          "type": "action",
          "text": "Doors and windows",
          "response": "CLOSED AND LATCHED",
          "tickable": true
        },
        {
          "type": "action",
          "text": "Instruments — gyros erect, altimeter set, heading indicator aligned with compass",
          "response": "SET AND CHECKED",
          "tickable": true
        },
        {
          "type": "action",
          "text": "Lights — strobes and landing light as required",
          "response": "ON",
          "tickable": true
        },
        {
          "type": "action",
          "text": "Engine-out procedures and Vyse — briefed",
          "response": "BRIEFED PER POH",
          "tickable": true
        },
        {
          "type": "action",
          "text": "Takeoff clearance",
          "response": "RECEIVED OR AREA CLEAR",
          "tickable": true
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "takeoff",
      "phase": "takeoff",
      "title": "Takeoff",
      "items": [
        {
          "type": "action",
          "text": "Throttles — advance together smoothly to full power",
          "response": "FULL POWER; BOTH ENGINES CONFIRMED",
          "tickable": true
        },
        {
          "type": "action",
          "text": "Engine gauges — scan both engines during takeoff roll",
          "response": "POWER EQUAL; ALL GAUGES GREEN",
          "tickable": true
        },
        {
          "type": "action",
          "text": "Directional control — maintain runway centerline with rudder",
          "response": "TRACKING CENTERLINE",
          "tickable": true
        },
        {
          "type": "action",
          "text": "Rotate — lift nosewheel at rotation speed per POH",
          "response": "ROTATE PER POH",
          "tickable": true
        },
        {
          "type": "action",
          "text": "Positive rate of climb — verify on VSI and altimeter",
          "response": "POSITIVE RATE CONFIRMED",
          "tickable": true
        },
        {
          "type": "action",
          "text": "Landing gear — retract",
          "response": "GEAR UP; NO RED LIGHTS",
          "tickable": true
        },
        {
          "type": "action",
          "text": "Airspeed — accelerate to Vy or as directed by departure procedure",
          "response": "ESTABLISHED PER POH",
          "tickable": true
        },
        {
          "type": "action",
          "text": "Flaps — retract at safe altitude and speed per POH",
          "response": "RETRACTED PER POH",
          "tickable": true
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "climb",
      "phase": "climb",
      "title": "Climb",
      "items": [
        {
          "type": "action",
          "text": "Airspeed — establish climb speed per POH",
          "response": "SET PER POH",
          "tickable": true
        },
        {
          "type": "action",
          "text": "Power — reduce from takeoff power to climb power per POH; both engines",
          "response": "SET PER POH",
          "tickable": true
        },
        {
          "type": "action",
          "text": "Propeller controls — reduce to climb RPM per POH",
          "response": "SET PER POH",
          "tickable": true
        },
        {
          "type": "action",
          "text": "Mixture — adjust for altitude per POH",
          "response": "ADJUSTED PER POH",
          "tickable": true
        },
        {
          "type": "action",
          "text": "Engine gauges — oil pressure, oil temp, CHT, fuel pressure, both engines",
          "response": "ALL IN GREEN ARCS",
          "tickable": true
        },
        {
          "type": "action",
          "text": "Alternator output — both engines",
          "response": "CHARGING NORMALLY",
          "tickable": true
        },
        {
          "type": "action",
          "text": "Gear — verify up and lights extinguished",
          "response": "GEAR UP; NO RED LIGHTS",
          "tickable": true
        },
        {
          "type": "action",
          "text": "Fuel selectors — confirm both engines on correct tanks",
          "response": "LEFT ON LEFT; RIGHT ON RIGHT",
          "tickable": true
        },
        {
          "type": "action",
          "text": "Carburetor heat — consider application in conditions conducive to icing per POH",
          "response": "AS REQUIRED",
          "tickable": true
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "cruise",
      "phase": "cruise",
      "title": "Cruise",
      "items": [
        {
          "type": "action",
          "text": "Power — set cruise power for both engines per POH; match manifold pressure and RPM",
          "response": "SET PER POH; ENGINES SYNCHRONIZED",
          "tickable": true
        },
        {
          "type": "action",
          "text": "Mixture — lean for cruise altitude per POH",
          "response": "LEANED PER POH",
          "tickable": true
        },
        {
          "type": "action",
          "text": "Engine gauges — oil pressure, oil temperature, CHT, EGT, fuel pressure; both engines",
          "response": "ALL IN GREEN ARCS PER POH",
          "tickable": true
        },
        {
          "type": "action",
          "text": "Fuel quantities — both tanks; monitor for crossfeed if applicable per POH",
          "response": "MONITORED; BALANCED PER POH",
          "tickable": true
        },
        {
          "type": "action",
          "text": "Trim — aircraft trimmed for hands-off level flight",
          "response": "TRIMMED",
          "tickable": true
        },
        {
          "type": "action",
          "text": "Alternators — both engines producing; electrical loads balanced",
          "response": "CHARGING; LOAD BALANCED",
          "tickable": true
        },
        {
          "type": "action",
          "text": "Vacuum — in operating range",
          "response": "IN GREEN ARC",
          "tickable": true
        },
        {
          "type": "action",
          "text": "Carburetor heat — apply as required for icing conditions per POH",
          "response": "AS REQUIRED",
          "tickable": true
        },
        {
          "type": "action",
          "text": "Fuel burn check — confirm consumption rate consistent with planning",
          "response": "CHECKED",
          "tickable": true
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "descent",
      "phase": "descent",
      "title": "Descent",
      "items": [
        {
          "type": "action",
          "text": "ATIS/AWOS — obtain destination weather",
          "response": "OBTAINED; ALTIMETER SET",
          "tickable": true
        },
        {
          "type": "action",
          "text": "Fuel quantities — both tanks sufficient for approach and alternate if required",
          "response": "CHECKED; ADEQUATE",
          "tickable": true
        },
        {
          "type": "action",
          "text": "Fuel selectors — both engines on correct respective tanks",
          "response": "CONFIRMED",
          "tickable": true
        },
        {
          "type": "action",
          "text": "Mixture — enrich as altitude decreases per POH",
          "response": "ENRICHED PER POH",
          "tickable": true
        },
        {
          "type": "action",
          "text": "Power — reduce gradually; avoid shock-cooling by monitoring CHT",
          "response": "REDUCED PER POH; CHT MONITORED",
          "tickable": true
        },
        {
          "type": "action",
          "text": "Carburetor heat — apply when reducing power in descent; monitor for icing",
          "response": "APPLIED AS REQUIRED PER POH",
          "tickable": true
        },
        {
          "type": "action",
          "text": "Engine gauges — both engines; confirm all parameters normal in reduced-power descent",
          "response": "ALL IN NORMAL RANGE",
          "tickable": true
        },
        {
          "type": "action",
          "text": "Approach briefing — runway, pattern altitude, landing configuration, abort point",
          "response": "BRIEFED",
          "tickable": true
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "before-landing",
      "phase": "before_landing",
      "title": "Before Landing (GUMPS)",
      "items": [
        {
          "type": "note",
          "text": "Complete the GUMPS check on downwind, base, and final.",
          "tickable": false
        },
        {
          "type": "action",
          "text": "G — Gas: fuel selectors on correct respective tanks for each engine; shutoff valves open",
          "response": "LEFT ON LEFT; RIGHT ON RIGHT; VALVES OPEN",
          "tickable": true
        },
        {
          "type": "action",
          "text": "U — Undercarriage: gear handle DOWN; three green lights; no red lights",
          "response": "GEAR DOWN AND LOCKED; THREE GREEN",
          "tickable": true
        },
        {
          "type": "action",
          "text": "M — Mixture: both engines rich for landing",
          "response": "BOTH RICH",
          "tickable": true
        },
        {
          "type": "action",
          "text": "P — Propellers: both engines to full forward (high RPM) for go-around capability",
          "response": "BOTH FULL FORWARD",
          "tickable": true
        },
        {
          "type": "action",
          "text": "S — Seat belts and switches: belts on; landing light on; boost pumps on if required per POH",
          "response": "BELTS FASTENED; LIGHT ON; PUMPS AS REQUIRED",
          "tickable": true
        },
        {
          "type": "action",
          "text": "Flaps — set for landing approach per POH",
          "response": "SET PER POH",
          "tickable": true
        },
        {
          "type": "action",
          "text": "Airspeed — stabilize at approach speed per POH by final",
          "response": "STABILIZED AT VREF PER POH",
          "tickable": true
        },
        {
          "type": "action",
          "text": "Engine gauges — both engines; power sufficient for go-around",
          "response": "CONFIRMED; POWER AVAILABLE",
          "tickable": true
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "gear-check",
      "phase": "before_landing",
      "title": "Gear Check — Three Greens Confirmed",
      "condition": "Retractable gear — perform before each landing",
      "items": [
        {
          "type": "action",
          "text": "Gear selector handle — DOWN position",
          "response": "DOWN",
          "tickable": true
        },
        {
          "type": "action",
          "text": "Three green indicator lights — illuminated",
          "response": "THREE GREEN",
          "tickable": true
        },
        {
          "type": "action",
          "text": "Gear position light — no red warning lights illuminated",
          "response": "NO RED LIGHTS",
          "tickable": true
        },
        {
          "type": "action",
          "text": "Landing gear warning horn — test if equipped and conditions met per POH",
          "response": "TESTED / SILENT AS APPROPRIATE",
          "tickable": true
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "landing",
      "phase": "landing",
      "title": "Landing",
      "items": [
        {
          "type": "action",
          "text": "Final approach — stabilized on centerline, glidepath, and airspeed by published gate",
          "response": "STABLE APPROACH CONFIRMED",
          "tickable": true
        },
        {
          "type": "action",
          "text": "Threshold — aim point established; airspeed per POH",
          "response": "VREF MAINTAINED",
          "tickable": true
        },
        {
          "type": "action",
          "text": "Flare — reduce power smoothly over the threshold to idle",
          "response": "POWER TO IDLE IN FLARE",
          "tickable": true
        },
        {
          "type": "action",
          "text": "Touchdown — on main gear; track centerline with rudder",
          "response": "SMOOTH TOUCHDOWN; CENTERLINE MAINTAINED",
          "tickable": true
        },
        {
          "type": "action",
          "text": "Nosewheel — lower smoothly after speed decreases",
          "response": "LOWERED SMOOTHLY",
          "tickable": true
        },
        {
          "type": "action",
          "text": "Braking — apply as needed; avoid skidding",
          "response": "APPLIED AS NEEDED",
          "tickable": true
        },
        {
          "type": "action",
          "text": "Flaps — retract after clear of runway",
          "response": "RETRACTED AFTER CLEARING RUNWAY",
          "tickable": true
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "go-around",
      "phase": "go_around",
      "title": "Go-Around",
      "items": [
        {
          "type": "action",
          "text": "Throttles — both engines, advance smoothly to full power",
          "response": "FULL POWER",
          "tickable": true
        },
        {
          "type": "action",
          "text": "Pitch — establish climb attitude per POH",
          "response": "CLIMB ATTITUDE",
          "tickable": true
        },
        {
          "type": "action",
          "text": "Flaps — retract incrementally per POH; do not retract all at once close to the ground",
          "response": "INCREMENTAL RETRACTION PER POH",
          "tickable": true
        },
        {
          "type": "action",
          "text": "Positive rate of climb — verify on VSI",
          "response": "POSITIVE RATE CONFIRMED",
          "tickable": true
        },
        {
          "type": "action",
          "text": "Landing gear — retract once positive rate established",
          "response": "GEAR UP",
          "tickable": true
        },
        {
          "type": "action",
          "text": "Airspeed — accelerate to Vy or climb speed per POH",
          "response": "ESTABLISHED PER POH",
          "tickable": true
        },
        {
          "type": "action",
          "text": "ATC — advise of go-around",
          "response": "NOTIFIED",
          "tickable": true
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "after-landing",
      "phase": "after_landing",
      "title": "After Landing",
      "items": [
        {
          "type": "action",
          "text": "Flaps — retract after clearing runway",
          "response": "RETRACTED",
          "tickable": true
        },
        {
          "type": "action",
          "text": "Carburetor heat — both engines, return to COLD",
          "response": "COLD",
          "tickable": true
        },
        {
          "type": "action",
          "text": "Landing light — off when clear of runway if no longer needed",
          "response": "OFF OR AS REQUIRED",
          "tickable": true
        },
        {
          "type": "action",
          "text": "Transponder — set to ground mode or as per local procedure",
          "response": "SET",
          "tickable": true
        },
        {
          "type": "action",
          "text": "Fuel selectors — confirm both on respective tanks",
          "response": "CONFIRMED",
          "tickable": true
        },
        {
          "type": "action",
          "text": "Taxi to parking — clear of active runway before performing checklist items",
          "response": "CLEAR OF RUNWAY",
          "tickable": true
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "shutdown",
      "phase": "shutdown",
      "title": "Engine Shutdown",
      "items": [
        {
          "type": "action",
          "text": "Parking brake",
          "response": "SET",
          "tickable": true
        },
        {
          "type": "action",
          "text": "Throttles — both engines to idle",
          "response": "IDLE",
          "tickable": true
        },
        {
          "type": "action",
          "text": "Avionics master",
          "response": "OFF",
          "tickable": true
        },
        {
          "type": "action",
          "text": "Allow engines to cool at idle — per POH idle time before shutdown",
          "response": "COOLING PERIOD COMPLETE",
          "tickable": true
        },
        {
          "type": "action",
          "text": "Mixture — both engines, pull to IDLE CUTOFF simultaneously or in sequence per POH",
          "response": "IDLE CUTOFF; BOTH ENGINES STOPPING",
          "tickable": true
        },
        {
          "type": "action",
          "text": "Ignition switches — both engines, OFF after engines stop",
          "response": "OFF",
          "tickable": true
        },
        {
          "type": "action",
          "text": "Throttles — both engines, closed",
          "response": "CLOSED",
          "tickable": true
        },
        {
          "type": "action",
          "text": "Fuel selectors — both engines",
          "response": "OFF (or per POH / operator guidance)",
          "tickable": true
        },
        {
          "type": "action",
          "text": "Master switch",
          "response": "OFF",
          "tickable": true
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "securing",
      "phase": "securing",
      "title": "Securing the Aircraft",
      "items": [
        {
          "type": "action",
          "text": "Control lock",
          "response": "INSTALLED",
          "tickable": true
        },
        {
          "type": "action",
          "text": "Flaps",
          "response": "RETRACTED",
          "tickable": true
        },
        {
          "type": "action",
          "text": "Pitot cover",
          "response": "INSTALLED",
          "tickable": true
        },
        {
          "type": "action",
          "text": "Tiedowns — wing and tail",
          "response": "SECURED",
          "tickable": true
        },
        {
          "type": "action",
          "text": "Wheel chocks",
          "response": "IN PLACE",
          "tickable": true
        },
        {
          "type": "action",
          "text": "Fuel — fill tanks if appropriate to prevent moisture condensation overnight",
          "response": "TOPPED OR PER OPERATOR PREFERENCE",
          "tickable": true
        },
        {
          "type": "action",
          "text": "Oil levels — check both engines while warm; top up as needed",
          "response": "CHECKED; TOPPED AS REQUIRED",
          "tickable": true
        },
        {
          "type": "action",
          "text": "Hobbs and tach times — record for both engines",
          "response": "RECORDED IN LOGBOOK",
          "tickable": true
        },
        {
          "type": "action",
          "text": "Logbook — squawks or discrepancies noted",
          "response": "RECORDED",
          "tickable": true
        },
        {
          "type": "action",
          "text": "Cabin doors and windows",
          "response": "CLOSED AND LOCKED",
          "tickable": true
        }
      ]
    }
  ]
}