Piper PA-44-180 Seminole — Emergency Procedures NOT FOR FLIGHT — source fidelity: not_applicable | operational review: none | completeness: partial | 1 unresolved safety defect(s) Source: authored — no source document Rights: original_expression CC-BY-4.0 Checklist hash: f7ea1f6a696ccc92d19f6f140e996e2e40a0e12279926a2fc0bafd6fae2a3076 Verify against the aircraft's own approved documentation before use. ======================================================================== ENGINE FAILURE ON TAKEOFF — BEFORE OR AT ROTATION [EMERGENCY] -------------------------------------------------------------- (Engine failure during the takeoff roll or at the moment of rotation) ** WARNING: An engine failure before reaching Vmc or Vyse with gear in transit is almost certainly not survivable as a continued takeoff. Abort unless airborne with positive control and altitude. [ ] Throttles — both engines, close immediately [MEMORY] ......... CLOSED [ ] Brakes — apply firmly and progressively to stop on remaining runway [MEMORY] ... MAXIMUM BRAKING AS REQUIRED [ ] Mixture controls — both engines, idle cutoff [MEMORY] ... IDLE CUTOFF [ ] Fuel selectors — both engines, off [MEMORY] ..................... OFF [ ] Ignition switches — both engines, off [MEMORY] .................. OFF [ ] Master switch [MEMORY] .......................................... OFF [ ] Evacuate aircraft if fire or other hazard present ....... AS REQUIRED ENGINE FAILURE — AFTER LIFTOFF (AIRBORNE) [EMERGENCY] ------------------------------------------------------ (Engine failure after becoming airborne; aircraft below safe single-engine maneuvering altitude) ** WARNING: Below Vyse and below a safe altitude, attempting to maintain flight on one engine may be impossible. A straight-ahead landing on available terrain may be the only survivable option. Do not attempt to turn back to the field below a safe altitude. [ ] Airspeed — establish and maintain Vyse (blue line) or best available [MEMORY] ... VYSE PER POH [ ] Operating engine — advance throttle to full power [MEMORY] ... FULL POWER ON OPERATING ENGINE [ ] Dead engine — identify by direction of yaw and failed gauges (dead foot — dead engine) [MEMORY] ... IDENTIFIED [ ] Dead engine propeller — feather by advancing prop control to full forward then pulling to feather [MEMORY] ... FEATHERED [ ] Landing gear — retract to reduce drag [MEMORY] .............. GEAR UP [ ] Flaps — retract if extended [MEMORY] .............. RETRACTED PER POH [ ] Bank — 5 degrees toward the operating engine; maintain with rudder ... 5 DEGREES INTO GOOD ENGINE [ ] Continue with Engine Failure in Flight checklist to secure failed engine ... PROCEED TO ENGINE FAILURE IN FLIGHT ENGINE FAILURE IN FLIGHT — IDENTIFY / VERIFY / FEATHER / SECURE [EMERGENCY] ------------------------------------------------------------------------ (One engine loses power or stops during cruise or other in-flight phases) ** NOTE: The four-step memory sequence is: IDENTIFY — VERIFY — FEATHER — SECURE. Complete all four steps before consulting the written checklist. [ ] IDENTIFY — dead foot, dead engine: the foot with less or no rudder pressure is on the same side as the failed engine [MEMORY] ... FAILED ENGINE IDENTIFIED [ ] VERIFY — advance throttle on the identified dead engine; confirm no power response and gauges confirm failure [MEMORY] ... NO POWER; FAILURE CONFIRMED [ ] FEATHER — move propeller control of the failed engine to feather [MEMORY] ... FEATHERED; PROP STOPPED OR SLOWING [ ] Airspeed — establish and maintain Vyse (blue line) or best climb/glide speed per POH [MEMORY] ... VYSE MAINTAINED PER POH [ ] Bank — 5 degrees toward the operating engine to minimize rudder workload ... 5 DEGREES INTO GOOD ENGINE [ ] Operating engine — confirm full power set ................ FULL POWER SECURE THE FAILED ENGINE: [ ] SECURE — throttle on failed engine [MEMORY] .................. CLOSED [ ] SECURE — mixture on failed engine [MEMORY] .............. IDLE CUTOFF [ ] SECURE — fuel selector on failed engine [MEMORY] ................ OFF [ ] SECURE — magnetos on failed engine [MEMORY] ..................... OFF [ ] Alternator on failed engine ..................................... OFF [ ] Cowl flap on failed engine — as required per POH ........ AS REQUIRED [ ] Declare emergency if appropriate — advise ATC of single-engine condition ... SQUAWK 7700; DECLARE EMERGENCY AS APPROPRIATE [ ] Divert — plan landing at nearest suitable airport; do not delay ... NEAREST AIRPORT SELECTED; DIVERTING ENGINE FIRE IN FLIGHT [EMERGENCY] ---------------------------------- (Fire warning light, flames, smoke, or unusual odor indicating an engine fire while airborne) [ ] Throttle — affected engine, close immediately [MEMORY] ....... CLOSED [ ] Fuel selector — affected engine, OFF [MEMORY] ................... OFF [ ] Mixture — affected engine, IDLE CUTOFF [MEMORY] ......... IDLE CUTOFF [ ] Propeller — affected engine, FEATHER [MEMORY] ............. FEATHERED [ ] Magnetos — affected engine, OFF ................................. OFF [ ] Alternator — affected engine, OFF ............................... OFF [ ] Airspeed — increase if possible to help extinguish fire by airflow; do not exceed Vne ... INCREASED; WITHIN LIMITS [ ] Fire extinguisher — use if fire enters cabin ............ AS REQUIRED [ ] If fire extinguished — execute single-engine approach; do not restart the engine ... LAND AT NEAREST AIRPORT [ ] If fire not extinguished — execute emergency descent; prepare for forced landing ... EMERGENCY DESCENT; LAND IMMEDIATELY [ ] Declare emergency — ATC notified ...... MAYDAY DECLARED; ATC NOTIFIED ENGINE FIRE ON GROUND [EMERGENCY] ---------------------------------- (Fire in engine compartment during start or while taxiing) [ ] Throttle — affected engine, open briefly to draw fire back into intake, then close [MEMORY] ... OPENED BRIEFLY THEN CLOSED [ ] Mixture — affected engine, IDLE CUTOFF [MEMORY] ......... IDLE CUTOFF [ ] Fuel selector — affected engine, OFF [MEMORY] ................... OFF [ ] Ignition — affected engine, OFF [MEMORY] ........................ OFF [ ] Master switch [MEMORY] .......................................... OFF [ ] Evacuate aircraft immediately; move upwind ................ EVACUATED [ ] Fire extinguisher — use if trained; do not approach a fully involved engine fire ... AS ABLE AND SAFE [ ] Emergency services — notify airport fire department ........ NOTIFIED ELECTRICAL FIRE / SMOKE IN COCKPIT [EMERGENCY] ----------------------------------------------- (Burning smell, smoke, or visible arcing from electrical equipment) [ ] Master switch [MEMORY] .......................................... OFF [ ] Avionics master [MEMORY] ........................................ OFF [ ] All electrical switches and circuit breakers [MEMORY] ........... OFF [ ] Vents — open to clear smoke from cockpit; consider passenger oxygen if smoke is heavy ... OPEN AS APPROPRIATE [ ] Fire extinguisher — discharge if fire is visible ........ AS REQUIRED [ ] If smoke clears — systematically restore essential electrical items one at a time to isolate the faulty circuit ... RESTORE SELECTIVELY [ ] Land at nearest suitable airport .......................... DIVERTING [ ] Declare emergency and notify ATC ...... MAYDAY DECLARED; ATC NOTIFIED LOSS OF OIL PRESSURE — ONE ENGINE [EMERGENCY] ---------------------------------------------- (Oil pressure gauge on one engine reads in the yellow or red arc, or oil pressure warning light illuminates) ** CAUTION: Low oil pressure may precede engine failure by a short time. Begin planning for single-engine operations immediately. Do not wait for the engine to fail. [ ] Identify affected engine — note which oil pressure gauge is reading low [MEMORY] ... IDENTIFIED [ ] Oil temperature — check; rising temperature confirms oil loss or internal failure ... MONITORED [ ] Power on affected engine — reduce to minimum required to maintain flight; do not shut down prematurely unless failure is imminent ... REDUCED PER POH [ ] Airspeed — prepare to establish Vyse if engine fails ... READY TO ESTABLISH VYSE [ ] Nearest suitable airport — identify and divert; do not continue to planned destination ... DIVERTING IMMEDIATELY [ ] If engine seizes or fails — execute engine failure in flight procedures ... EXECUTE ENGINE FAILURE CHECKLIST [ ] Declare emergency and notify ATC ... MAYDAY OR PAN-PAN DECLARED; ATC NOTIFIED CARBURETOR ICE — ONE OR BOTH ENGINES [ABNORMAL] ------------------------------------------------ (Unexplained loss of RPM or rough running, especially in humid conditions or when reducing power) ** NOTE: The O-360 is a carbureted engine. Carburetor ice can form at temperatures well above freezing in humid conditions. Partial ice may cause rough running before total power loss. [ ] Affected engine — apply full carburetor heat immediately; do not cycle on and off ... FULL HEAT APPLIED [ ] Carburetor heat — expect a momentary further RPM drop as ice melts, followed by smooth power restoration ... RPM DROP THEN RECOVERY EXPECTED [ ] If power does not restore — maintain carb heat and prepare for engine failure procedures ... ENGINE FAILURE CHECKLIST AS REQUIRED [ ] Altitude and terrain — assess options for forced landing if both engines affected ... TERRAIN ASSESSED; OPTIONS IDENTIFIED [ ] After power restored — maintain carburetor heat until clear of icing conditions per POH ... HEAT MAINTAINED PER POH [ ] Monitor both engines for recurrence of roughness ... BOTH ENGINES MONITORED FORCED LANDING — POWER-OFF [EMERGENCY] --------------------------------------- (Both engines have failed or remaining power is insufficient to reach an airport) ** WARNING: A dual-engine failure is extremely rare. Confirm both engines are truly failed before accepting a forced landing. Check fuel selectors, mixture, and magnetos. [ ] Best glide speed — establish immediately per POH [MEMORY] ... BEST GLIDE ESTABLISHED [ ] Landing area — select best available field or road; favor into-wind and uphill if possible [MEMORY] ... FIELD SELECTED [ ] Fuel selectors — confirm both on correct tanks; attempt restart if cause is fuel starvation ... CONFIRMED; RESTART ATTEMPTED IF APPROPRIATE [ ] Mixture — RICH for restart attempt ............................. RICH [ ] Ignition — BOTH; attempt restart if time and altitude permit ... RESTART ATTEMPTED AS APPROPRIATE [ ] Mayday — declare on 121.5 MHz; advise position, altitude, intentions ... MAYDAY DECLARED; ATC NOTIFIED [ ] Transponder — 7700 ......................................... SET 7700 [ ] Fuel selectors — OFF before landing to reduce fire risk ......... OFF [ ] Mixture — IDLE CUTOFF ................................... IDLE CUTOFF [ ] Ignition switches — OFF just before touchdown ................... OFF [ ] Master switch — OFF just before touchdown ....................... OFF [ ] Doors — unlatch before touchdown to prevent jamming ....... UNLATCHED [ ] Seat belts and shoulder harnesses — confirm tight ... CONFIRMED TIGHT GEAR UNSAFE / ABNORMAL GEAR INDICATION [EMERGENCY] --------------------------------------------------- (One or more gear position lights fail to show green after gear extension, or red unsafe light illuminates) [ ] Airspeed — reduce to below gear operating speed per POH ... BELOW VLO PER POH [ ] Gear handle — cycle UP then DOWN; allow adequate time for system to respond ... CYCLED; WAITING FOR INDICATION [ ] Circuit breakers — check gear-related breakers; reset if popped ... CHECKED; RESET IF TRIPPED [ ] Gear position lights — check bulbs by pressing the test button if equipped ... TESTED [ ] If no green after normal extension — refer to emergency gear extension procedure ... PROCEED TO EMERGENCY GEAR EXTENSION [ ] Declare emergency and notify ATC; request emergency equipment standby ... EMERGENCY DECLARED; EQUIPMENT REQUESTED EMERGENCY GEAR EXTENSION [EMERGENCY] ------------------------------------- (Normal gear extension fails; gear not locked down; use manual/emergency extension system) [ ] Airspeed — reduce to minimum safe airspeed per POH; below emergency extension speed ... REDUCED PER POH [ ] Gear handle — ensure in DOWN position .......................... DOWN [ ] Emergency gear extension — locate and activate the manual extension pump or override per POH specific to this aircraft ... ACTIVATED PER POH [ ] Pump or pull override — operate per POH until three green lights illuminate ... THREE GREEN CONFIRMED OR BEST INDICATION OBTAINED [ ] If gear still not confirmed down and locked — prepare for gear-up landing; follow forced-landing precautions ... GEAR-UP LANDING PREPARED IF REQUIRED [ ] Notify ATC of gear status; request foam or emergency equipment as applicable ... ATC NOTIFIED; EQUIPMENT REQUESTED SINGLE-ENGINE APPROACH AND LANDING [EMERGENCY] ----------------------------------------------- (One engine inoperative; planning and executing approach and landing) ** WARNING: A go-around on one engine at low altitude and slow airspeed is extremely hazardous. Commit to landing once established on final. Plan ahead so go-around is not required. [ ] Operating engine — confirm full power available; do not reduce power on approach prematurely ... FULL POWER AVAILABLE; CONFIRMED [ ] Airspeed — maintain at or above Vyse until landing assured; use POH single-engine approach speed on final ... AT OR ABOVE POH APPROACH SPEED [ ] Flaps — extend incrementally; be cautious with full flaps due to increased drag on one engine ... EXTENDED INCREMENTALLY PER POH [ ] Gear — extend with adequate altitude and airspeed to assure landing; expect higher drag ... GEAR DOWN; THREE GREEN [ ] Runway — aim for a long runway if available; do not aim for the threshold; aim slightly beyond ... LONG RUNWAY SELECTED; ADJUSTED AIM POINT [ ] Final approach — keep it flat and stable; avoid a steep descent that requires large power changes ... FLAT STABLE APPROACH [ ] GUMPS check — Gas, Undercarriage, Mixture, Props, Seat belts/Switches ... ALL CONFIRMED [ ] Operating engine throttle — reduce to idle only over the runway threshold when landing is assured ... IDLE OVER THRESHOLD [ ] Touchdown — land positively; do not float; use available braking ... FIRM TOUCHDOWN; BRAKES AS REQUIRED ENGINE-OUT GO-AROUND [EMERGENCY] --------------------------------- (Go-around required with one engine inoperative — extremely hazardous; avoid if possible) ** WARNING: A single-engine go-around from a low, slow final is one of the most demanding maneuvers in multi-engine flying. Do not initiate unless a safe landing is truly impossible and altitude permits. The risk of losing control is very high near the ground at low speed. [ ] Operating engine — full power immediately and smoothly [MEMORY] ... FULL POWER ON OPERATING ENGINE [ ] Pitch attitude — establish climb attitude per POH; avoid extreme pitch [MEMORY] ... CLIMB ATTITUDE [ ] Airspeed — accelerate to Vyse immediately; never allow speed to fall below Vmc [MEMORY] ... ACCELERATING TO VYSE; ABOVE VMC [ ] Flaps — retract incrementally per POH as airspeed builds ... INCREMENTAL RETRACTION PER POH [ ] Gear — retract after positive rate of climb is confirmed ... GEAR UP; POSITIVE RATE CONFIRMED [ ] Directional control — maintain bank 5 degrees into operating engine; use rudder trim if available ... CONTROLLED; BANK INTO GOOD ENGINE [ ] ATC — notify of go-around and single-engine status ..... ATC NOTIFIED [ ] Plan next approach — configure for a wider, higher pattern to allow time and altitude ... LONGER APPROACH PLANNED