# Piper PA-28R-201 Arrow — Normal Operating Procedures (independently worded) # NOT FOR FLIGHT — source fidelity: not_applicable | operational review: none | completeness: normal_only | 1 unresolved safety defect(s) # Source: authored — no source document # Rights: original_expression CC-BY-4.0 # Checklist hash: 65e3feaf68fe65be2ec1b8c138793a6ded6eb24b4856b36b2a825cb52022e0a8 # Verify against the aircraft's own approved documentation before use. section_id phase criticality section_title item_index item_id type tickable memory_item indent text response condition detail preflight-inspection preflight_inspection normal Preflight Walk-Around 0 action yes no 0 Aircraft documents (ARROW) ON BOARD AND CURRENT preflight-inspection preflight_inspection normal Preflight Walk-Around 1 action yes no 0 Fuel quantity — visually inspect both tanks; verify adequate fuel for flight with legal reserves CONFIRMED, ADEQUATE preflight-inspection preflight_inspection normal Preflight Walk-Around 2 action yes no 0 Fuel grade and appearance — sample from all sump drains CORRECT GRADE PER POH; CLEAR, NO WATER OR SEDIMENT preflight-inspection preflight_inspection normal Preflight Walk-Around 3 action yes no 0 Fuel filler caps — both tanks PROPERLY SEATED AND SECURED AFTER SAMPLING preflight-inspection preflight_inspection normal Preflight Walk-Around 4 action yes no 0 Fuel vent lines UNOBSTRUCTED preflight-inspection preflight_inspection normal Preflight Walk-Around 5 action yes no 0 Engine oil level WITHIN OPERATING RANGE PER POH; DIPSTICK SECURE preflight-inspection preflight_inspection normal Preflight Walk-Around 6 action yes no 0 Engine compartment — fuel lines, oil hoses, wiring NO LEAKS; ALL CONNECTIONS SECURE preflight-inspection preflight_inspection normal Preflight Walk-Around 7 action yes no 0 Induction air inlet CLEAR AND UNOBSTRUCTED IO-360 is fuel-injected — no carburetor heat. Alternate air control bypasses the induction filter. preflight-inspection preflight_inspection normal Preflight Walk-Around 8 action yes no 0 Exhaust stacks — visible portions NO CRACKS OR LOOSE HARDWARE preflight-inspection preflight_inspection normal Preflight Walk-Around 9 action yes no 0 Cowling latches CLOSED AND SECURE preflight-inspection preflight_inspection normal Preflight Walk-Around 10 action yes no 0 Propeller blades — nicks, cracks, erosion SERVICEABLE preflight-inspection preflight_inspection normal Preflight Walk-Around 11 action yes no 0 Spinner and prop hub SECURE; NO CRACKS preflight-inspection preflight_inspection normal Preflight Walk-Around 12 action yes no 0 Nose gear — strut, tire, and steering linkage STRUT EXTENDED NORMALLY; TIRE INFLATED; LINKAGE INTACT; GEAR DOOR CLEAR preflight-inspection preflight_inspection normal Preflight Walk-Around 13 action yes no 0 Pitot tube — cover removed, inlet unobstructed COVER OFF; CLEAR preflight-inspection preflight_inspection normal Preflight Walk-Around 14 action yes no 0 Static ports CLEAR preflight-inspection preflight_inspection normal Preflight Walk-Around 15 action yes no 0 Left main gear — strut, tire, brake, gear door, hydraulic lines STRUT NORMAL; TIRE INFLATED; BRAKE PAD VISIBLE; HYDRAULIC LINES UNDAMAGED; UPLOCK MECHANISM CLEAR preflight-inspection preflight_inspection normal Preflight Walk-Around 16 action yes no 0 Left wing leading edge and fuel vent NO DEFORMATION OR FUEL STAINING; VENT CLEAR preflight-inspection preflight_inspection normal Preflight Walk-Around 17 action yes no 0 Left aileron and flap — travel and attachment HINGES SECURE; FULL FREE MOVEMENT; NO DAMAGE preflight-inspection preflight_inspection normal Preflight Walk-Around 18 action yes no 0 Left wingtip and navigation light UNDAMAGED; LENS INTACT preflight-inspection preflight_inspection normal Preflight Walk-Around 19 action yes no 0 Stall warning vane — left wing leading edge MOVES FREELY; ACTIVATES TONE WHEN LIFTED preflight-inspection preflight_inspection normal Preflight Walk-Around 20 action yes no 0 Horizontal stabilizer, elevator, and trim tab UNDAMAGED; HINGES SECURE; NO EXCESSIVE PLAY preflight-inspection preflight_inspection normal Preflight Walk-Around 21 action yes no 0 Vertical stabilizer and rudder UNDAMAGED; FULL FREE MOVEMENT preflight-inspection preflight_inspection normal Preflight Walk-Around 22 action yes no 0 ELT — armed switch and antenna ARMED; ANTENNA CONNECTED preflight-inspection preflight_inspection normal Preflight Walk-Around 23 action yes no 0 Right main gear — strut, tire, brake, gear door, hydraulic lines STRUT NORMAL; TIRE INFLATED; BRAKE PAD VISIBLE; HYDRAULIC LINES UNDAMAGED; UPLOCK MECHANISM CLEAR preflight-inspection preflight_inspection normal Preflight Walk-Around 24 action yes no 0 Right wing — aileron, flap, wingtip, and navigation light SECURE; FULL FREE MOVEMENT; UNDAMAGED; LENS INTACT preflight-inspection preflight_inspection normal Preflight Walk-Around 25 action yes no 0 All tiedowns, chocks, and control locks REMOVED before-start before_start normal Cockpit Preparation / Before Start 0 action yes no 0 POH and weight-and-balance data ON BOARD before-start before_start normal Cockpit Preparation / Before Start 1 action yes no 0 Seats — adjusted and locked; seatbelts and shoulder harnesses for all occupants ADJUSTED, LOCKED, AND FASTENED before-start before_start normal Cockpit Preparation / Before Start 2 action yes no 0 Rudder pedals ADJUSTED FOR FULL RUDDER AND BRAKE TRAVEL before-start before_start normal Cockpit Preparation / Before Start 3 action yes no 0 Control lock REMOVED; AILERON, ELEVATOR, AND RUDDER FREE AND CORRECT before-start before_start normal Cockpit Preparation / Before Start 4 action yes no 0 Trim — elevator SET TO TAKEOFF POSITION PER POH before-start before_start normal Cockpit Preparation / Before Start 5 action yes no 0 Avionics master switch OFF — before start to protect avionics from start transient before-start before_start normal Cockpit Preparation / Before Start 6 action yes no 0 All non-essential electrical switches OFF before-start before_start normal Cockpit Preparation / Before Start 7 action yes no 0 Circuit breakers ALL IN; CHECK FOR ANY TRIPPED before-start before_start normal Cockpit Preparation / Before Start 8 action yes no 0 Fuel selector FULLEST TANK — DETENT CONFIRMED ENGAGED before-start before_start normal Cockpit Preparation / Before Start 9 action yes no 0 Mixture RICH — FULL FORWARD before-start before_start normal Cockpit Preparation / Before Start 10 action yes no 0 Propeller control FULL FORWARD — HIGH RPM before-start before_start normal Cockpit Preparation / Before Start 11 action yes no 0 Throttle CRACKED PER POH STARTING GUIDANCE before-start before_start normal Cockpit Preparation / Before Start 12 action yes no 0 Primer — use as required for engine temperature PUMPED PER POH; LOCKED AFTER USE before-start before_start normal Cockpit Preparation / Before Start 13 action yes no 0 Gear handle position DOWN — GEAR-DOWN INDICATOR LIGHTS CONFIRMED before-start before_start normal Cockpit Preparation / Before Start 14 action yes no 0 Parking brake SET engine-start engine_start normal Engine Start 0 action yes no 0 Area around aircraft — announce CLEAR PROP CLEAR engine-start engine_start normal Engine Start 1 action yes no 0 Master switch (battery) ON engine-start engine_start normal Engine Start 2 action yes no 0 Beacon / anti-collision light ON — before cranking engine-start engine_start normal Engine Start 3 action yes no 0 Throttle — set per POH for start condition SET engine-start engine_start normal Engine Start 4 action yes no 0 Ignition switch START — crank until engine fires; release immediately engine-start engine_start normal Engine Start 5 action yes no 0 Throttle — after start REDUCE TO IDLE RPM PER POH engine-start engine_start normal Engine Start 6 action yes no 0 Oil pressure RISING WITHIN 30 SECONDS — if not, shut down immediately engine-start engine_start normal Engine Start 7 action yes no 0 Avionics master ON — after engine stabilized at idle engine-start engine_start normal Engine Start 8 action yes no 0 Engine instruments ALL IN GREEN; OIL TEMPERATURE RISING NORMALLY engine-start engine_start normal Engine Start 9 action yes no 0 Alternator / ammeter CHARGING — positive indication confirmed after-start after_start normal After Start 0 action yes no 0 ATIS / weather information OBTAINED; ALTIMETER SETTING NOTED after-start after_start normal After Start 1 action yes no 0 Altimeter SET TO CURRENT ALTIMETER SETTING; FIELD ELEVATION CROSS-CHECKED after-start after_start normal After Start 2 action yes no 0 Radios and navigation — departure frequencies LOADED AND SET after-start after_start normal After Start 3 action yes no 0 Transponder CODE SET; MODE SELECTED PER ATC REQUIREMENTS after-start after_start normal After Start 4 action yes no 0 Heading indicator ALIGNED WITH MAGNETIC COMPASS ON KNOWN HEADING after-start after_start normal After Start 5 action yes no 0 Gyroscopic instruments — suction gauge IN GREEN ARC after-start after_start normal After Start 6 action yes no 0 Gear indicator lights THREE GREEN — ALL GEAR DOWN-AND-LOCKED CONFIRMED before-takeoff before_takeoff normal Run-Up / Before Takeoff 0 action yes no 0 Parking brake SET before-takeoff before_takeoff normal Run-Up / Before Takeoff 1 action yes no 0 Flight controls — free and correct for wind direction VERIFIED before-takeoff before_takeoff normal Run-Up / Before Takeoff 2 action yes no 0 Fuel selector FULLEST TANK — DETENT CONFIRMED before-takeoff before_takeoff normal Run-Up / Before Takeoff 3 action yes no 0 Mixture — adjust for field elevation SET PER POH before-takeoff before_takeoff normal Run-Up / Before Takeoff 4 action yes no 0 Propeller control FULL FORWARD before-takeoff before_takeoff normal Run-Up / Before Takeoff 5 action yes no 0 Engine warm-up — oil temperature IN GREEN ARC BEFORE RUN-UP before-takeoff before_takeoff normal Run-Up / Before Takeoff 6 action yes no 0 Throttle — advance to run-up RPM per POH SET before-takeoff before_takeoff normal Run-Up / Before Takeoff 7 action yes no 0 Magneto check — LEFT, then RIGHT, return to BOTH DROP ON EACH MAG WITHIN LIMITS PER POH; BOTH DROPS WITHIN DIFFERENTIAL LIMIT Maximum single-magneto drop and maximum differential between magnetos per POH. Return selector to BOTH after check. before-takeoff before_takeoff normal Run-Up / Before Takeoff 8 action yes no 0 Propeller cycle — move slowly to low RPM; note drop; advance back to full forward RPM DROP OBSERVED; RPM RETURNED TO FULL HIGH; REPEAT 2–3 TIMES; FINAL POSITION FULL FORWARD Cycling warms governor oil and confirms constant-speed mechanism responds. Do not slam the control forward — cycle smoothly. before-takeoff before_takeoff normal Run-Up / Before Takeoff 9 action yes no 0 Throttle — return to idle; confirm smooth idle IDLE SMOOTH; RPM WITHIN LIMITS before-takeoff before_takeoff normal Run-Up / Before Takeoff 10 action yes no 0 Suction gauge IN GREEN ARC before-takeoff before_takeoff normal Run-Up / Before Takeoff 11 action yes no 0 Engine instruments ALL IN GREEN; NO ANOMALIES before-takeoff before_takeoff normal Run-Up / Before Takeoff 12 action yes no 0 Heading indicator — aligned with compass SET before-takeoff before_takeoff normal Run-Up / Before Takeoff 13 action yes no 0 Altimeter SET TO CURRENT ALTIMETER SETTING before-takeoff before_takeoff normal Run-Up / Before Takeoff 14 action yes no 0 Flaps SET TO TAKEOFF POSITION PER POH before-takeoff before_takeoff normal Run-Up / Before Takeoff 15 action yes no 0 Doors and windows LATCHED AND SECURED before-takeoff before_takeoff normal Run-Up / Before Takeoff 16 action yes no 0 Transponder ALT MODE before-takeoff before_takeoff normal Run-Up / Before Takeoff 17 action yes no 0 Takeoff briefing — abort criteria, initial climb airspeeds, departure route REVIEWED takeoff takeoff normal Takeoff 0 action yes no 0 Runway clear — traffic and obstacles CONFIRMED CLEAR takeoff takeoff normal Takeoff 1 action yes no 0 Mixture SET PER POH FOR FIELD ELEVATION takeoff takeoff normal Takeoff 2 action yes no 0 Propeller control FULL FORWARD — HIGH RPM takeoff takeoff normal Takeoff 3 action yes no 0 Throttle — advance smoothly to full power; check engine instruments FULL POWER; INSTRUMENTS IN GREEN takeoff takeoff normal Takeoff 4 action yes no 0 Directional control during roll MAINTAINED WITH RUDDER takeoff takeoff normal Takeoff 5 action yes no 0 Rotate — at rotation airspeed per POH SMOOTH BACK PRESSURE APPLIED takeoff takeoff normal Takeoff 6 action yes no 0 Gear retraction — after positive rate of climb and no runway remaining for landing GEAR HANDLE UP; CONFIRM GEAR RETRACTS AND LIGHTS EXTINGUISH climb climb normal Climb 0 action yes no 0 Airspeed — establish best-rate or cruise-climb speed ESTABLISHED PER POH climb climb normal Climb 1 action yes no 0 Engine instruments — oil pressure, oil temp, CHT WITHIN NORMAL RANGE climb climb normal Climb 2 action yes no 0 Power — throttle and RPM ADJUSTED PER POH CLIMB POWER SCHEDULE climb climb normal Climb 3 action yes no 0 Mixture LEANED PER POH IF ABOVE DENSITY ALTITUDE THRESHOLD; RICH OTHERWISE climb climb normal Climb 4 action yes no 0 Fuel selector APPROPRIATE TANK; MONITOR BALANCE climb climb normal Climb 5 action yes no 0 Gear indicator UP — NO GREEN LIGHTS; GEAR-UNSAFE HORN SILENT climb climb normal Climb 6 action yes no 0 Flaps RETRACTED PER POH SPEED SCHEDULE AFTER POSITIVE CLIMB ESTABLISHED climb climb normal Climb 7 action yes no 0 Heading and altitude ON ASSIGNED DEPARTURE CLEARANCE OR VFR COURSE cruise cruise normal Cruise 0 action yes no 0 Power — throttle and propeller RPM SET TO CRUISE POWER PER POH Set manifold pressure and RPM per POH power table for desired percent power and altitude. cruise cruise normal Cruise 1 action yes no 0 Mixture — lean to peak EGT then enrich per POH cruise guidance SET PER POH FOR SELECTED POWER SETTING cruise cruise normal Cruise 2 action yes no 0 Trim ADJUSTED FOR HANDS-OFF LEVEL FLIGHT cruise cruise normal Cruise 3 action yes no 0 Engine instruments — oil pressure, oil temp, CHT, EGT ALL WITHIN NORMAL RANGES; MONITORED CONTINUOUSLY cruise cruise normal Cruise 4 action yes no 0 Fuel quantity — switch tanks per POH interval guidance MONITORED; TANKS BALANCED cruise cruise normal Cruise 5 action yes no 0 Gear indicator — confirm UP NO GREEN LIGHTS ILLUMINATED cruise cruise normal Cruise 6 action yes no 0 Altimeter and heading indicator — cross-check compass SET AND TRACKING cruise cruise normal Cruise 7 action yes no 0 Traffic and airspace — see-and-avoid; altitude and clearance MAINTAINED descent descent normal Descent 0 action yes no 0 ATIS / destination weather OBTAINED; RUNWAY AND APPROACH IN USE NOTED descent descent normal Descent 1 action yes no 0 Altimeter — update to destination setting SET TO CURRENT ALTIMETER SETTING descent descent normal Descent 2 action yes no 0 Fuel selector — switch to fullest or appropriate tank for approach SELECTED; DETENT ENGAGED descent descent normal Descent 3 action yes no 0 Mixture — gradually enrichen as altitude decreases; rich by pattern altitude ENRICHENING WITH DESCENT descent descent normal Descent 4 action yes no 0 Power — reduce gradually to avoid shock cooling REDUCED IN INCREMENTS PER POH descent descent normal Descent 5 action yes no 0 Heading indicator — cross-check and re-align with compass if needed ALIGNED descent descent normal Descent 6 action yes no 0 Radios — approach and tower frequencies; ATC contact established SET AND ACTIVE before-landing before_landing normal Before Landing 0 action yes no 0 Fuel selector — fullest tank; detent confirmed engaged FULLEST TANK SELECTED before-landing before_landing normal Before Landing 1 action yes no 0 Mixture RICH — FULL FORWARD FOR GO-AROUND CAPABILITY before-landing before_landing normal Before Landing 2 action yes no 0 Propeller control FULL FORWARD — HIGH RPM FOR GO-AROUND AVAILABILITY before-landing before_landing normal Before Landing 3 action yes no 0 Gear — place handle DOWN; confirm three green lights; gear-unsafe horn silent THREE GREEN — NOSE, LEFT MAIN, RIGHT MAIN ALL DOWN-AND-LOCKED Verbalize THREE GREEN to confirm positive indication. The gear-unsafe horn should be silent with throttle at approach power setting. before-landing before_landing normal Before Landing 4 action yes no 0 Flaps — extend to approach setting SET PER POH before-landing before_landing normal Before Landing 5 action yes no 0 Airspeed — stabilize at approach speed ESTABLISHED PER POH before-landing before_landing normal Before Landing 6 action yes no 0 Seatbelts — all occupants SECURED landing landing normal Landing 0 action yes no 0 Gear — final verification before crossing threshold THREE GREEN CONFIRMED landing landing normal Landing 1 action yes no 0 Approach — stable on glidepath, centerline, and airspeed STABILIZED landing landing normal Landing 2 action yes no 0 Flaps — landing setting as required SET PER POH landing landing normal Landing 3 action yes no 0 Flare — initiate at appropriate height; reduce power smoothly to idle SMOOTH FLARE; POWER TO IDLE landing landing normal Landing 4 action yes no 0 Touchdown — main wheels first; nose lowered gently after speed decays DIRECTIONAL CONTROL MAINTAINED WITH RUDDER landing landing normal Landing 5 action yes no 0 Braking — smooth and progressive; avoid wheel lockup APPLIED AS NEEDED; AERODYNAMIC BRAKING USED DURING ROLLOUT go-around go_around normal Go-Around 0 action yes no 0 Throttle FULL POWER — advance smoothly and promptly go-around go_around normal Go-Around 1 action yes no 0 Pitch — establish positive climb attitude; arrest descent POSITIVE CLIMB ATTITUDE ESTABLISHED go-around go_around normal Go-Around 2 action yes no 0 Flaps — retract to first notch or takeoff setting; full retraction in stages at safe airspeed per POH RETRACTING IN STAGES go-around go_around normal Go-Around 3 action yes no 0 Airspeed — accelerate to climb speed before further flap retraction CLIMBING AIRSPEED ESTABLISHED go-around go_around normal Go-Around 4 action yes no 0 Gear — UP after positive rate of climb established and no landing option remains GEAR HANDLE UP; LIGHTS EXTINGUISHING go-around go_around normal Go-Around 5 action yes no 0 Trim ADJUSTED TO REDUCE CONTROL FORCES DURING CLIMB go-around go_around normal Go-Around 6 action yes no 0 ATC — advise of go-around; comply with missed approach or traffic pattern instructions ADVISED after-landing after_landing normal After Landing 0 action yes no 0 Flaps — retract after clear of active runway RETRACTED after-landing after_landing normal After Landing 1 action yes no 0 Transponder STBY OR GROUND MODE after-landing after_landing normal After Landing 2 action yes no 0 Taxi speed — brakes tested gently; maintain awareness of gear-unsafe horn sensitivity CONTROLLED shutdown shutdown normal Shutdown and Securing 0 action yes no 0 Parking brake SET shutdown shutdown normal Shutdown and Securing 1 action yes no 0 Mixture — idle cutoff to shut down engine IDLE CUTOFF — ENGINE STOPPED shutdown shutdown normal Shutdown and Securing 2 action yes no 0 Ignition switch OFF — after engine stops shutdown shutdown normal Shutdown and Securing 3 action yes no 0 Avionics master OFF shutdown shutdown normal Shutdown and Securing 4 action yes no 0 All electrical switches OFF shutdown shutdown normal Shutdown and Securing 5 action yes no 0 Master switch OFF shutdown shutdown normal Shutdown and Securing 6 action yes no 0 Fuel selector LEFT OR RIGHT PER OPERATOR PRACTICE; AVOID LEAVING ON BOTH UNATTENDED shutdown shutdown normal Shutdown and Securing 7 action yes no 0 Flight controls — gust lock or control lock INSTALLED PER OPERATOR PRACTICE shutdown shutdown normal Shutdown and Securing 8 action yes no 0 Pitot cover and tiedowns COVER INSTALLED; AIRCRAFT TIED DOWN AND CHOCKED IF OUTSIDE