{
  "open_checklist_version": "1.0",
  "id": "piper-pa28r-201-emergency",
  "title": "Piper PA-28R-201 Arrow — Emergency Procedures (independently worded)",
  "description": "Emergency procedures for the Piper PA-28R-201 Arrow. Memory items are marked and should be committed to memory for execution without checklist reference when time does not permit. The Arrow has a hydraulic retractable gear system with an automatic gear extension feature that lowers gear below a threshold airspeed — be aware this may activate during an emergency descent. Manual gear extension is available and detailed here. The Lycoming IO-360 is fuel-injected; there is no carburetor — the alternate air section addresses induction system blockage instead. All numerical limits must come from the specific aircraft POH. These procedures do not substitute for recurrent emergency training.",
  "aircraft": {
    "make": "Piper",
    "model": "PA-28R-201",
    "variant": "Arrow",
    "icao_type": "P28R",
    "category": "standard_normal",
    "engine": [
      {
        "make": "Lycoming",
        "model": "IO-360",
        "type": "piston_4stroke",
        "count": 1
      }
    ],
    "propeller": "constant_speed",
    "gear": "retractable"
  },
  "units": {
    "airspeed": "kt",
    "altitude": "ft",
    "fuel": "usgal",
    "weight": "lb",
    "pressure": "inhg",
    "temperature": "f"
  },
  "provenance": {
    "source": {
      "kind": "none",
      "notes": "No manufacturer document consulted. Written from general familiarity with the PA-28R-201 type. Numerical limitations are deliberately absent."
    },
    "transcription": {
      "method": "authored",
      "tool": "claude-sonnet-4-6",
      "date": "2026-08-11"
    },
    "contributors": [
      {
        "name": "Open Checklists project",
        "role": [
          "author"
        ]
      }
    ],
    "revision": {
      "file_revision": "0.1.0",
      "updated": "2026-08-11"
    }
  },
  "verification": {
    "source_fidelity": "not_applicable",
    "operational_review": "none",
    "completeness": "partial",
    "known_issues": [
      {
        "severity": "safety_defect",
        "description": "Contains no airspeeds, power settings, fuel quantities or other limitations — must come from aircraft POH.",
        "location": "whole file"
      },
      {
        "severity": "content_gap",
        "description": "Equipment variations exist across this model/variant. Verify items against the specific aircraft before use.",
        "location": "whole file"
      }
    ]
  },
  "rights": {
    "status": "original_expression",
    "corpus_license": "CC-BY-4.0",
    "redistribution": "attribution_required",
    "notes": "Manufacturer POH remains under copyright. This file does not reproduce its wording or selection of items."
  },
  "sections": [
    {
      "id": "engine-failure-before-rotation",
      "phase": "engine_failure_before_rotation",
      "title": "Engine Failure on Takeoff — Before or At Liftoff",
      "criticality": "emergency",
      "items": [
        {
          "type": "action",
          "id": "efbr-throttle",
          "text": "Throttle",
          "response": "CLOSE",
          "tickable": true,
          "memory_item": true
        },
        {
          "type": "action",
          "id": "efbr-brakes",
          "text": "Brakes — apply firmly to stop on remaining runway",
          "response": "APPLIED",
          "tickable": true,
          "memory_item": true
        },
        {
          "type": "action",
          "id": "efbr-mixture",
          "text": "Mixture",
          "response": "IDLE CUTOFF",
          "tickable": true,
          "memory_item": true
        },
        {
          "type": "action",
          "id": "efbr-ignition",
          "text": "Ignition",
          "response": "OFF",
          "tickable": true,
          "memory_item": true
        },
        {
          "type": "action",
          "id": "efbr-master",
          "text": "Master switch",
          "response": "OFF WHEN LANDING ASSURED",
          "tickable": true,
          "memory_item": true
        },
        {
          "type": "action",
          "text": "Gear — if briefly airborne with insufficient altitude for return to runway",
          "response": "LEAVE DOWN; LAND STRAIGHT AHEAD ON AVAILABLE SURFACE",
          "tickable": true,
          "detail": "Do not attempt a turn back to the runway at low altitude. Land ahead or within 30 degrees of runway heading."
        },
        {
          "type": "action",
          "text": "Flaps — if airborne over suitable terrain",
          "response": "AS REQUIRED TO REDUCE LANDING SPEED ON AVAILABLE SURFACE",
          "tickable": true
        },
        {
          "type": "action",
          "text": "Occupants",
          "response": "ADVISE TO BRACE",
          "tickable": true
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "engine-failure-in-flight",
      "phase": "engine_failure_in_flight",
      "title": "Engine Failure in Flight",
      "criticality": "emergency",
      "items": [
        {
          "type": "action",
          "id": "efif-glide",
          "text": "Airspeed — establish best-glide speed",
          "response": "PER POH — TRIM FOR HANDS-OFF GLIDE",
          "tickable": true,
          "memory_item": true
        },
        {
          "type": "action",
          "id": "efif-landing-area",
          "text": "Landing area — identify best available field or airport; begin turn toward it",
          "response": "SELECTED",
          "tickable": true,
          "memory_item": true
        },
        {
          "type": "action",
          "text": "Fuel selector — switch to opposite or fullest tank",
          "response": "FULLEST TANK SELECTED",
          "tickable": true
        },
        {
          "type": "action",
          "text": "Mixture",
          "response": "RICH",
          "tickable": true
        },
        {
          "type": "action",
          "text": "Ignition",
          "response": "BOTH — CONFIRM SWITCH IS ON",
          "tickable": true
        },
        {
          "type": "action",
          "text": "Primer",
          "response": "IN AND LOCKED — open primer causes fuel starvation",
          "tickable": true
        },
        {
          "type": "action",
          "text": "Throttle",
          "response": "ADVANCE TO CHECK FOR FUEL FLOW RESPONSE",
          "tickable": true
        },
        {
          "type": "action",
          "text": "Alternate air",
          "response": "OPEN — if induction blockage or icing suspected",
          "tickable": true
        },
        {
          "type": "action",
          "text": "Engine restart attempt — if altitude and identified cause permit",
          "response": "FOLLOW POH RESTART SEQUENCE; DO NOT WASTE ALTITUDE IF LOW",
          "tickable": true
        },
        {
          "type": "action",
          "text": "Mayday — transmit on 121.5 MHz or last assigned frequency",
          "response": "AIRCRAFT TYPE, POSITION, ALTITUDE, INTENTIONS",
          "tickable": true
        },
        {
          "type": "action",
          "text": "Transponder",
          "response": "SQUAWK 7700",
          "tickable": true
        },
        {
          "type": "reference",
          "text": "If engine does not restart — proceed to Forced Landing section",
          "tickable": false,
          "reference": {
            "section_id": "forced-landing"
          }
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "engine-fire-in-flight",
      "phase": "engine_fire_in_flight",
      "title": "Engine Fire in Flight",
      "criticality": "emergency",
      "items": [
        {
          "type": "action",
          "id": "efif2-fuel-selector",
          "text": "Fuel selector",
          "response": "OFF",
          "tickable": true,
          "memory_item": true
        },
        {
          "type": "action",
          "id": "efif2-mixture",
          "text": "Mixture",
          "response": "IDLE CUTOFF",
          "tickable": true,
          "memory_item": true
        },
        {
          "type": "action",
          "text": "Throttle",
          "response": "FULL OPEN — depletes residual fuel from induction system",
          "tickable": true
        },
        {
          "type": "action",
          "id": "efif2-ignition",
          "text": "Ignition",
          "response": "OFF",
          "tickable": true,
          "memory_item": true
        },
        {
          "type": "action",
          "text": "Heater and ventilation",
          "response": "ALL CLOSED — prevent smoke and fumes from entering cabin",
          "tickable": true
        },
        {
          "type": "action",
          "text": "Airspeed — increase if fire persists",
          "response": "INCREASE TOWARD VNE TO STARVE FIRE OF OXYGEN — PER POH GUIDANCE",
          "tickable": true
        },
        {
          "type": "action",
          "text": "Declare emergency — 121.5 MHz or last ATC frequency",
          "response": "MAYDAY TRANSMITTED",
          "tickable": true
        },
        {
          "type": "action",
          "text": "Gear — extend when landing is assured and airspeed is within gear operating speed per POH",
          "response": "DOWN — THREE GREEN CONFIRMED",
          "tickable": true
        },
        {
          "type": "reference",
          "text": "Proceed to Forced Landing section",
          "tickable": false,
          "reference": {
            "section_id": "forced-landing"
          }
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "engine-fire-ground",
      "phase": "engine_fire_ground",
      "title": "Engine Fire on Ground",
      "criticality": "emergency",
      "items": [
        {
          "type": "action",
          "id": "efg-ignition",
          "text": "Ignition",
          "response": "OFF",
          "tickable": true,
          "memory_item": true
        },
        {
          "type": "action",
          "id": "efg-fuel-selector",
          "text": "Fuel selector",
          "response": "OFF",
          "tickable": true,
          "memory_item": true
        },
        {
          "type": "action",
          "text": "Master switch",
          "response": "OFF",
          "tickable": true
        },
        {
          "type": "action",
          "text": "Throttle — briefly open to pull fuel from cylinders if fire is in induction system",
          "response": "FULL OPEN MOMENTARILY; THEN CLOSED",
          "tickable": true
        },
        {
          "type": "action",
          "id": "efg-evacuate",
          "text": "Occupants — evacuate immediately via upwind door; move well clear",
          "response": "EVACUATED",
          "tickable": true,
          "memory_item": true
        },
        {
          "type": "action",
          "text": "Fire extinguisher",
          "response": "DISCHARGE ON FIRE IF SAFE TO DO SO; DO NOT DELAY EVACUATION",
          "tickable": true
        },
        {
          "type": "action",
          "text": "Emergency services",
          "response": "CALL 911 OR AIRPORT EMERGENCY IMMEDIATELY",
          "tickable": true
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "electrical-fire",
      "phase": "electrical_fire",
      "title": "Electrical Fire / Smoke in Cockpit",
      "criticality": "emergency",
      "items": [
        {
          "type": "action",
          "id": "elfire-master",
          "text": "Master switch",
          "response": "OFF — removes battery power from all buses",
          "tickable": true,
          "memory_item": true
        },
        {
          "type": "action",
          "text": "Avionics master",
          "response": "OFF",
          "tickable": true
        },
        {
          "type": "action",
          "text": "All electrical switches",
          "response": "OFF — isolate all circuit loads",
          "tickable": true
        },
        {
          "type": "action",
          "text": "Cockpit vents — fresh-air vents only",
          "response": "OPEN TO VENTILATE; HEATER CLOSED",
          "tickable": true
        },
        {
          "type": "action",
          "text": "Fire extinguisher",
          "response": "USE IF SMOKE PERSISTS AFTER POWER REMOVED; AIM AT SOURCE",
          "tickable": true
        },
        {
          "type": "action",
          "id": "elfire-land",
          "text": "Land as soon as possible — declare emergency",
          "response": "DIVERTING TO NEAREST SUITABLE AIRPORT",
          "tickable": true,
          "memory_item": true
        },
        {
          "type": "action",
          "text": "Electrical equipment — selective restoration if navigation required",
          "response": "RESTORE MASTER AND INDIVIDUAL SWITCHES ONE AT A TIME; MONITOR FOR SMOKE RECURRENCE",
          "tickable": true
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "oil-system-malfunction",
      "phase": "oil_system_malfunction",
      "title": "Loss of Oil Pressure",
      "criticality": "emergency",
      "items": [
        {
          "type": "action",
          "id": "oil-confirm",
          "text": "Oil pressure gauge — confirm low reading; cross-check oil temperature",
          "response": "LOW PRESSURE CONFIRMED; TEMPERATURE TREND NOTED",
          "tickable": true,
          "memory_item": true
        },
        {
          "type": "action",
          "id": "oil-power",
          "text": "Power — reduce to minimum required for flight",
          "response": "POWER REDUCED — LOWER POWER REDUCES OIL DEMAND AND HEAT",
          "tickable": true,
          "memory_item": true
        },
        {
          "type": "action",
          "id": "oil-land",
          "text": "Land immediately — select nearest suitable airport or field",
          "response": "DIVERTING — ENGINE MAY SEIZE WITHOUT WARNING IF OIL IS LOST",
          "tickable": true,
          "memory_item": true
        },
        {
          "type": "action",
          "text": "Airspeed — maintain at or below best-glide speed; prepare for sudden engine failure",
          "response": "AT OR BELOW BEST-GLIDE AIRSPEED",
          "tickable": true
        },
        {
          "type": "action",
          "text": "Declare emergency",
          "response": "ADVISE ATC OF DIVERSION; SQUAWK 7700 IF WARRANTED",
          "tickable": true
        },
        {
          "type": "action",
          "text": "Engine shutdown — if temperature in red arc or seizure imminent",
          "response": "SHUT DOWN TO PREVENT FIRE AND RETAIN GLIDE OPTIONS",
          "tickable": true
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "induction-blockage",
      "phase": "other",
      "phase_label": "Induction System Blockage / Alternate Air",
      "title": "Alternate Air / Induction System Blockage",
      "criticality": "abnormal",
      "items": [
        {
          "type": "action",
          "text": "Engine roughness or power loss — assess induction system",
          "response": "NOTE CONDITIONS; CONFIRM SYMPTOMS",
          "tickable": true
        },
        {
          "type": "action",
          "id": "altair-open",
          "text": "Alternate air control",
          "response": "OPEN — allows engine to draw unfiltered warm air past blocked inlet",
          "tickable": true,
          "memory_item": true,
          "detail": "IO-360 is fuel-injected; no carburetor ice risk. Alternate air addresses blocked primary air inlet or induction icing in freezing conditions."
        },
        {
          "type": "action",
          "text": "Power — adjust as needed",
          "response": "EXPECT SLIGHT POWER REDUCTION ON ALTERNATE AIR — WARMER, LESS-DENSE AIR",
          "tickable": true
        },
        {
          "type": "action",
          "text": "Conditions — exit visible moisture or icing conditions promptly",
          "response": "DEPARTING ICING CONDITIONS",
          "tickable": true
        },
        {
          "type": "action",
          "text": "Alternate air",
          "response": "RETURN TO RAM AIR AFTER CLEAR OF CONDITIONS AND ENGINE RUNNING NORMALLY",
          "tickable": true
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "forced-landing",
      "phase": "forced_landing",
      "title": "Forced Landing (Power-Off)",
      "criticality": "emergency",
      "items": [
        {
          "type": "action",
          "id": "fl-glide",
          "text": "Best-glide airspeed — establish and trim hands-off",
          "response": "PER POH",
          "tickable": true,
          "memory_item": true
        },
        {
          "type": "action",
          "id": "fl-site",
          "text": "Landing site — select best available: runway, paved road, or open field",
          "response": "SELECTED; ASSESSED FOR LENGTH, SURFACE, OBSTACLES, AND WIND",
          "tickable": true,
          "memory_item": true
        },
        {
          "type": "action",
          "text": "Squawk 7700 and transmit Mayday",
          "response": "7700 SQUAWKED; MAYDAY ON 121.5 OR LAST FREQUENCY — POSITION AND INTENTIONS STATED",
          "tickable": true
        },
        {
          "type": "action",
          "text": "Fuel selector",
          "response": "OFF WHEN LANDING IS ASSURED",
          "tickable": true
        },
        {
          "type": "action",
          "text": "Ignition",
          "response": "OFF WHEN LANDING IS ASSURED",
          "tickable": true
        },
        {
          "type": "action",
          "text": "Master switch",
          "response": "OFF BEFORE TOUCHDOWN (unless flaps still needed)",
          "tickable": true
        },
        {
          "type": "action",
          "text": "Gear — evaluate for terrain type",
          "response": "DOWN FOR PAVED OR FIRM SURFACE; CONSIDER UP FOR ROUGH OR SOFT TERRAIN TO REDUCE FLIP-OVER RISK",
          "tickable": true
        },
        {
          "type": "action",
          "text": "Flaps — extend as needed to reduce approach speed",
          "response": "FULL OR APPROACH SETTING PER POH IF ADEQUATE ALTITUDE REMAINS",
          "tickable": true
        },
        {
          "type": "action",
          "text": "Seatbelts and harnesses — all occupants",
          "response": "CONFIRMED TIGHT; BRACE FOR IMPACT",
          "tickable": true
        },
        {
          "type": "action",
          "text": "Touchdown — aim for first third of available area; land into wind; wings level",
          "response": "EXECUTED",
          "tickable": true
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "landing-gear-malfunction",
      "phase": "landing_gear_malfunction",
      "title": "Gear Unsafe / Gear Failure",
      "criticality": "emergency",
      "items": [
        {
          "type": "action",
          "text": "Gear-unsafe horn — note conditions; do not assume false indication until investigated",
          "response": "HORN CONDITION NOTED",
          "tickable": true
        },
        {
          "type": "action",
          "text": "Airspeed — confirm below maximum gear operating speed per POH",
          "response": "WITHIN GEAR SPEED LIMIT",
          "tickable": true
        },
        {
          "type": "action",
          "text": "Gear handle — cycle DOWN; confirm fully seated",
          "response": "CYCLED DOWN; HANDLE SEATED",
          "tickable": true
        },
        {
          "type": "action",
          "text": "Indicator lights — check all three legs",
          "response": "NOTE WHICH SHOW GREEN, AMBER, OR NONE; CONSULT POH",
          "tickable": true
        },
        {
          "type": "action",
          "text": "Circuit breakers — gear indicator and hydraulic pump",
          "response": "CHECK; RESET IF TRIPPED — ONCE ONLY",
          "tickable": true
        },
        {
          "type": "action",
          "text": "Maneuver — coordinated turns; sideslip may dislodge hung leg per POH guidance",
          "response": "ATTEMPTED PER POH",
          "tickable": true
        },
        {
          "type": "action",
          "text": "Manual extension — if electrical or hydraulic failure",
          "response": "PROCEED TO EMERGENCY GEAR EXTENSION SECTION",
          "tickable": true
        },
        {
          "type": "action",
          "text": "ATC — advise tower; request emergency equipment standby; request low pass for visual gear confirmation",
          "response": "ADVISED; EQUIPMENT STANDING BY",
          "tickable": true
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "emergency-gear-extension",
      "phase": "other",
      "phase_label": "Emergency Gear Extension",
      "title": "Emergency Gear Extension",
      "criticality": "emergency",
      "items": [
        {
          "type": "action",
          "id": "ege-airspeed",
          "text": "Airspeed — slow below maximum gear extension speed per POH",
          "response": "WITHIN GEAR EXTENSION SPEED LIMIT",
          "tickable": true,
          "memory_item": true
        },
        {
          "type": "action",
          "text": "Gear handle",
          "response": "PLACE DOWN",
          "tickable": true
        },
        {
          "type": "action",
          "text": "Hydraulic pump circuit breaker",
          "response": "CHECK; RESET IF TRIPPED; CONFIRM PUMP OPERATING",
          "tickable": true
        },
        {
          "type": "action",
          "text": "Manual extension control — locate per POH; operate per POH procedure",
          "response": "OPERATED PER POH STROKE COUNT OR UNTIL INDICATOR CONFIRMS DOWN",
          "tickable": true,
          "detail": "Location and method of manual extension varies by aircraft serial number and modification status. Know your specific aircraft before flight."
        },
        {
          "type": "action",
          "text": "Automatic gear extension system — note it may have already deployed gear as airspeed decreased",
          "response": "CONFIRM CURRENT GEAR STATE BEFORE MANUAL PUMP ACTION",
          "tickable": true
        },
        {
          "type": "action",
          "text": "Indicator lights — verify three green",
          "response": "THREE GREEN — if not all green, consult POH for partial-gear or belly-landing guidance",
          "tickable": true
        },
        {
          "type": "action",
          "text": "Land as soon as possible on longest available runway",
          "response": "EMERGENCY EQUIPMENT STANDING BY; LANDING EXECUTED",
          "tickable": true
        }
      ]
    }
  ]
}