{
  "open_checklist_version": "1.0",
  "id": "piper-pa28-181-emergency",
  "title": "Piper PA-28-181 Archer III — Emergency Procedures",
  "description": "Emergency procedures for the Piper PA-28-181 Archer III with Lycoming O-360 carbureted engine. Memory items are marked accordingly. Contains no numeric limitations; all airspeeds and power settings must come from the specific aircraft POH. The O-360 is carbureted — carburetor ice is applicable and included. Aviate first; use this checklist as an aide-memoire only.",
  "aircraft": {
    "make": "Piper",
    "model": "PA-28-181",
    "variant": "Archer III",
    "icao_type": "PA28",
    "category": "standard_normal",
    "engine": [
      {
        "make": "Lycoming",
        "model": "O-360",
        "type": "piston_4stroke",
        "count": 1
      }
    ],
    "propeller": "fixed_pitch",
    "gear": "fixed_tricycle"
  },
  "units": {
    "airspeed": "kt",
    "altitude": "ft",
    "fuel": "usgal",
    "weight": "lb",
    "pressure": "inhg",
    "temperature": "f"
  },
  "provenance": {
    "source": {
      "kind": "none",
      "notes": "No manufacturer document consulted. Written from general familiarity with the Piper PA-28-181 Archer III and Lycoming O-360 carbureted engine emergency procedures."
    },
    "transcription": {
      "method": "authored",
      "tool": "claude-sonnet-4-6",
      "date": "2026-08-11"
    },
    "contributors": [
      {
        "name": "Open Checklists project",
        "role": [
          "author"
        ]
      }
    ],
    "revision": {
      "file_revision": "0.1.0",
      "updated": "2026-08-11"
    }
  },
  "verification": {
    "source_fidelity": "not_applicable",
    "operational_review": "none",
    "completeness": "partial",
    "known_issues": [
      {
        "severity": "safety_defect",
        "description": "Contains no airspeeds, power settings, or other numeric limits — must come from aircraft POH.",
        "location": "whole file"
      },
      {
        "severity": "safety_defect",
        "description": "Emergency procedures must be studied, briefed, and practiced. This file is an aide-memoire. Aviate first, then navigate and communicate.",
        "location": "whole file"
      },
      {
        "severity": "content_gap",
        "description": "Equipment variations across this production run may affect available systems during emergencies. Verify all procedures against the specific aircraft POH before flight.",
        "location": "whole file"
      }
    ]
  },
  "rights": {
    "status": "original_expression",
    "corpus_license": "CC-BY-4.0",
    "redistribution": "attribution_required",
    "notes": "Piper POH remains under copyright. This file is independently authored and does not reproduce the wording or item selection of any manufacturer document."
  },
  "sections": [
    {
      "id": "engine-failure-before-rotation",
      "phase": "engine_failure_before_rotation",
      "criticality": "emergency",
      "title": "Engine Failure on Takeoff Roll (Before Lift-Off)",
      "items": [
        {
          "id": "engine-failure-before-rotation-1",
          "type": "action",
          "text": "Throttle",
          "response": "CLOSE IMMEDIATELY",
          "tickable": true,
          "memory_item": true
        },
        {
          "id": "engine-failure-before-rotation-2",
          "type": "action",
          "text": "Brakes",
          "response": "APPLY FIRMLY — STOP ON REMAINING RUNWAY",
          "tickable": true,
          "memory_item": true
        },
        {
          "id": "engine-failure-before-rotation-3",
          "type": "action",
          "text": "Mixture",
          "response": "IDLE CUT-OFF",
          "tickable": true,
          "memory_item": true
        },
        {
          "id": "engine-failure-before-rotation-4",
          "type": "action",
          "text": "Ignition",
          "response": "OFF",
          "tickable": true,
          "memory_item": true
        },
        {
          "id": "engine-failure-before-rotation-5",
          "type": "action",
          "text": "Fuel selector",
          "response": "OFF",
          "tickable": true,
          "memory_item": true
        },
        {
          "id": "engine-failure-before-rotation-6",
          "type": "action",
          "text": "Master switch",
          "response": "OFF",
          "tickable": true,
          "memory_item": true
        },
        {
          "id": "engine-failure-before-rotation-7",
          "type": "action",
          "text": "Evacuate aircraft if fire or fuel spill present",
          "response": "AS REQUIRED",
          "tickable": true
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "engine-failure-after-takeoff",
      "phase": "engine_failure_after_takeoff",
      "criticality": "emergency",
      "title": "Engine Failure After Lift-Off",
      "items": [
        {
          "id": "engine-failure-after-takeoff-1",
          "type": "action",
          "text": "Best glide airspeed — pitch immediately to conserve altitude and extend glide range",
          "response": "ESTABLISH PER POH",
          "tickable": true,
          "memory_item": true
        },
        {
          "id": "engine-failure-after-takeoff-2",
          "type": "action",
          "text": "Landing area — select best available surface straight ahead or with the smallest practical turn; avoid low turns to return to runway",
          "response": "SELECTED",
          "tickable": true,
          "memory_item": true
        },
        {
          "id": "engine-failure-after-takeoff-3",
          "type": "action",
          "text": "Throttle",
          "response": "CLOSE",
          "tickable": true,
          "memory_item": true
        },
        {
          "id": "engine-failure-after-takeoff-4",
          "type": "action",
          "text": "Flaps — adjust for selected landing surface; partial flap may allow steeper descent to a short field",
          "response": "AS REQUIRED FOR TERRAIN",
          "tickable": true,
          "memory_item": true
        },
        {
          "id": "engine-failure-after-takeoff-5",
          "type": "action",
          "text": "Mixture",
          "response": "IDLE CUT-OFF BEFORE TOUCHDOWN",
          "tickable": true,
          "memory_item": true
        },
        {
          "id": "engine-failure-after-takeoff-6",
          "type": "action",
          "text": "Ignition",
          "response": "OFF BEFORE TOUCHDOWN",
          "tickable": true,
          "memory_item": true
        },
        {
          "id": "engine-failure-after-takeoff-7",
          "type": "action",
          "text": "Master switch",
          "response": "OFF BEFORE TOUCHDOWN",
          "tickable": true,
          "memory_item": true
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "engine-failure-in-flight",
      "phase": "engine_failure_in_flight",
      "criticality": "emergency",
      "title": "Engine Failure in Flight",
      "items": [
        {
          "id": "engine-failure-in-flight-1",
          "type": "action",
          "text": "Best glide airspeed — establish immediately to maximize range and time available",
          "response": "ESTABLISH PER POH",
          "tickable": true,
          "memory_item": true
        },
        {
          "id": "engine-failure-in-flight-2",
          "type": "action",
          "text": "Landing area — identify best available field or surface within glide range",
          "response": "SELECTED",
          "tickable": true,
          "memory_item": true
        },
        {
          "id": "engine-failure-in-flight-3",
          "type": "action",
          "text": "Carburetor heat",
          "response": "ON — apply immediately; carb ice may have caused the failure",
          "tickable": true,
          "memory_item": true
        },
        {
          "id": "engine-failure-in-flight-4",
          "type": "action",
          "text": "Fuel selector — switch to the tank with more fuel; verify selector is on a tank",
          "response": "FULLEST TANK",
          "tickable": true,
          "memory_item": true
        },
        {
          "id": "engine-failure-in-flight-5",
          "type": "action",
          "text": "Mixture",
          "response": "RICH",
          "tickable": true,
          "memory_item": true
        },
        {
          "id": "engine-failure-in-flight-6",
          "type": "action",
          "text": "Throttle",
          "response": "ADVANCE — check if partial power is available",
          "tickable": true,
          "memory_item": true
        },
        {
          "id": "engine-failure-in-flight-7",
          "type": "action",
          "text": "Primer — ensure closed and locked; an unlocked primer can lean the mixture",
          "response": "IN AND LOCKED",
          "tickable": true
        },
        {
          "id": "engine-failure-in-flight-8",
          "type": "action",
          "text": "Ignition — cycle through LEFT and RIGHT to identify a failed magneto or broken lead",
          "response": "CHECK BOTH",
          "tickable": true
        },
        {
          "id": "engine-failure-in-flight-9",
          "type": "action",
          "text": "Restart attempt — if engine fails to start and forced landing is committed, execute forced landing checklist",
          "response": "ATTEMPT OR COMMIT TO FORCED LANDING",
          "tickable": true
        },
        {
          "id": "engine-failure-in-flight-10",
          "type": "action",
          "text": "Mayday call — declare emergency with position, altitude, and intentions",
          "response": "121.5 MHZ OR LAST ATC FREQUENCY",
          "tickable": true
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "engine-fire-in-flight",
      "phase": "engine_fire_in_flight",
      "criticality": "emergency",
      "title": "Engine Fire in Flight",
      "items": [
        {
          "id": "engine-fire-in-flight-1",
          "type": "action",
          "text": "Mixture",
          "response": "IDLE CUT-OFF — starve the engine of fuel immediately",
          "tickable": true,
          "memory_item": true
        },
        {
          "id": "engine-fire-in-flight-2",
          "type": "action",
          "text": "Fuel selector",
          "response": "OFF",
          "tickable": true,
          "memory_item": true
        },
        {
          "id": "engine-fire-in-flight-3",
          "type": "action",
          "text": "Throttle",
          "response": "FULL OPEN — draw fuel remaining in the induction system away from the fire",
          "tickable": true,
          "memory_item": true
        },
        {
          "id": "engine-fire-in-flight-4",
          "type": "action",
          "text": "Ignition",
          "response": "OFF",
          "tickable": true,
          "memory_item": true
        },
        {
          "id": "engine-fire-in-flight-5",
          "type": "action",
          "text": "Master switch",
          "response": "OFF",
          "tickable": true,
          "memory_item": true
        },
        {
          "id": "engine-fire-in-flight-6",
          "type": "action",
          "text": "Heater and vents — close all fresh-air vents and cabin heat to reduce airflow feeding the fire",
          "response": "CLOSED",
          "tickable": true,
          "memory_item": true
        },
        {
          "id": "engine-fire-in-flight-7",
          "type": "action",
          "text": "Airspeed — increase to a speed that may help extinguish the fire by slipstream; do not exceed Vne",
          "response": "INCREASE WITHIN LIMITS",
          "tickable": true,
          "memory_item": true
        },
        {
          "id": "engine-fire-in-flight-8",
          "type": "action",
          "text": "Forced landing — execute forced landing procedure immediately; do not delay for a restart",
          "response": "INITIATE FORCED LANDING",
          "tickable": true,
          "memory_item": true
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "engine-fire-ground",
      "phase": "engine_fire_ground",
      "criticality": "emergency",
      "title": "Engine Fire on Ground (During or After Start)",
      "items": [
        {
          "id": "engine-fire-ground-1",
          "type": "action",
          "text": "Starter — continue cranking if fire is in the induction system; cranking may draw fire back through the intake",
          "response": "CONTINUE CRANKING (induction fire)",
          "tickable": true,
          "memory_item": true
        },
        {
          "id": "engine-fire-ground-2",
          "type": "action",
          "text": "Throttle — advance to assist drawing fuel and fire into the engine if induction fire",
          "response": "ADVANCE (induction fire only)",
          "tickable": true,
          "memory_item": true
        },
        {
          "id": "engine-fire-ground-3",
          "type": "action",
          "text": "Mixture",
          "response": "IDLE CUT-OFF",
          "tickable": true,
          "memory_item": true
        },
        {
          "id": "engine-fire-ground-4",
          "type": "action",
          "text": "Fuel selector",
          "response": "OFF",
          "tickable": true,
          "memory_item": true
        },
        {
          "id": "engine-fire-ground-5",
          "type": "action",
          "text": "Ignition",
          "response": "OFF",
          "tickable": true,
          "memory_item": true
        },
        {
          "id": "engine-fire-ground-6",
          "type": "action",
          "text": "Master switch",
          "response": "OFF",
          "tickable": true,
          "memory_item": true
        },
        {
          "id": "engine-fire-ground-7",
          "type": "action",
          "text": "Evacuate — exit all occupants immediately; move upwind away from the aircraft",
          "response": "EVACUATE IMMEDIATELY",
          "tickable": true,
          "memory_item": true
        },
        {
          "id": "engine-fire-ground-8",
          "type": "action",
          "text": "Fire extinguisher — use only if fire is small, accessible, and escape route is clear",
          "response": "AS ABLE; CALL FIRE SERVICES",
          "tickable": true
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "electrical-fire",
      "phase": "electrical_fire",
      "criticality": "emergency",
      "title": "Electrical Fire / Smoke in Cockpit",
      "items": [
        {
          "id": "electrical-fire-1",
          "type": "action",
          "text": "Master switch",
          "response": "OFF — remove all electrical power",
          "tickable": true,
          "memory_item": true
        },
        {
          "id": "electrical-fire-2",
          "type": "action",
          "text": "Avionics master switch",
          "response": "OFF",
          "tickable": true,
          "memory_item": true
        },
        {
          "id": "electrical-fire-3",
          "type": "action",
          "text": "All electrical switches — lights, fan, pitot heat",
          "response": "OFF",
          "tickable": true,
          "memory_item": true
        },
        {
          "id": "electrical-fire-4",
          "type": "action",
          "text": "Vents — open to vent smoke from cockpit; fresh air assists in clearing fumes",
          "response": "OPEN VENTS, CLOSE HEAT",
          "tickable": true,
          "memory_item": true
        },
        {
          "id": "electrical-fire-5",
          "type": "action",
          "text": "Fire extinguisher — discharge toward source of smoke if identified and accessible",
          "response": "AS REQUIRED",
          "tickable": true
        },
        {
          "id": "electrical-fire-6",
          "type": "action",
          "text": "Land as soon as practicable — smoke or fumes indicate a potential for rapid fire spread; do not delay",
          "response": "DIVERT AND LAND",
          "tickable": true,
          "memory_item": true
        },
        {
          "id": "electrical-fire-7",
          "type": "action",
          "text": "Electrical switches — after smoke clears, restore individual switches one at a time to identify the faulty circuit before landing",
          "response": "RESTORE SELECTIVELY AS NEEDED",
          "tickable": true
        },
        {
          "id": "electrical-fire-8",
          "type": "action",
          "text": "Circuit breakers — do not reset a tripped breaker in flight unless essential for safety; a tripped breaker indicates a fault",
          "response": "DO NOT RESET UNLESS ESSENTIAL",
          "tickable": true
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "oil-system-malfunction",
      "phase": "oil_system_malfunction",
      "criticality": "emergency",
      "title": "Loss of Oil Pressure",
      "items": [
        {
          "id": "oil-system-malfunction-1",
          "type": "action",
          "text": "Oil pressure gauge — verify indication; cross-check oil temperature for confirming trend",
          "response": "VERIFY; CROSS-CHECK OIL TEMP",
          "tickable": true,
          "memory_item": true
        },
        {
          "id": "oil-system-malfunction-2",
          "type": "action",
          "text": "Throttle — reduce power to minimum needed to maintain flight; lower power reduces engine stress",
          "response": "REDUCE TO MINIMUM REQUIRED",
          "tickable": true,
          "memory_item": true
        },
        {
          "id": "oil-system-malfunction-3",
          "type": "action",
          "text": "Landing area — identify a suitable field or airport within close range; engine seizure may be imminent",
          "response": "IDENTIFY NEAREST SUITABLE AREA",
          "tickable": true,
          "memory_item": true
        },
        {
          "id": "oil-system-malfunction-4",
          "type": "action",
          "text": "Mayday call — declare emergency with position, nature of malfunction, and intentions",
          "response": "DECLARE EMERGENCY",
          "tickable": true
        },
        {
          "id": "oil-system-malfunction-5",
          "type": "action",
          "text": "Land as soon as possible — if pressure is zero or temperature is rising abnormally, do not delay; engine seizure can occur without warning",
          "response": "LAND IMMEDIATELY",
          "tickable": true,
          "memory_item": true
        },
        {
          "id": "oil-system-malfunction-6",
          "type": "action",
          "text": "After landing — do not run the engine; inspect for oil loss before any further operation",
          "response": "SHUT DOWN AND INSPECT",
          "tickable": true
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "carburetor-icing",
      "phase": "carburetor_icing",
      "criticality": "abnormal",
      "title": "Carburetor Ice",
      "items": [
        {
          "id": "carburetor-icing-1",
          "type": "action",
          "text": "Carburetor heat — apply FULL ON at first sign of unexplained RPM loss or engine roughness in cruise or descent",
          "response": "FULL ON",
          "tickable": true,
          "memory_item": true
        },
        {
          "id": "carburetor-icing-2",
          "type": "action",
          "text": "RPM — monitor for initial further drop as ice melts and passes through the induction system, followed by recovery",
          "response": "EXPECT BRIEF DROP THEN RECOVERY",
          "tickable": true
        },
        {
          "id": "carburetor-icing-3",
          "type": "action",
          "text": "Throttle — avoid large changes while carburetor heat is applied; heat reduces available power",
          "response": "STABLE THROTTLE",
          "tickable": true
        },
        {
          "id": "carburetor-icing-4",
          "type": "action",
          "text": "Carburetor heat — leave ON until RPM recovers and stabilizes above original indication; then return to COLD",
          "response": "LEAVE ON UNTIL RECOVERED; THEN COLD",
          "tickable": true
        },
        {
          "id": "carburetor-icing-5",
          "type": "action",
          "text": "If RPM does not recover — land as soon as practicable; severe ice accumulation may not fully clear with heat alone",
          "response": "DIVERT IF NO RECOVERY",
          "tickable": true,
          "memory_item": true
        },
        {
          "id": "carburetor-icing-6",
          "type": "action",
          "text": "Icing conditions — if conditions are conducive to carburetor ice (temperature between approximately 20 and 70 F with visible moisture or high humidity), apply carburetor heat periodically as a preventive measure",
          "response": "APPLY PERIODICALLY IN ICING CONDITIONS",
          "tickable": true
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "forced-landing",
      "phase": "forced_landing",
      "criticality": "emergency",
      "title": "Forced Landing (Power-Off)",
      "items": [
        {
          "id": "forced-landing-1",
          "type": "action",
          "text": "Best glide airspeed — establish and maintain throughout the approach; do not let speed decay or build excessively",
          "response": "ESTABLISH AND MAINTAIN PER POH",
          "tickable": true,
          "memory_item": true
        },
        {
          "id": "forced-landing-2",
          "type": "action",
          "text": "Landing area — select field considering length, surface, slope, obstacles, and wind direction; commit early",
          "response": "SELECTED AND COMMITTED",
          "tickable": true,
          "memory_item": true
        },
        {
          "id": "forced-landing-3",
          "type": "action",
          "text": "Mayday call — transmit position, altitude, nature of emergency, and intended landing area",
          "response": "121.5 MHZ OR LAST ATC FREQUENCY",
          "tickable": true
        },
        {
          "id": "forced-landing-4",
          "type": "action",
          "text": "Transponder",
          "response": "7700",
          "tickable": true
        },
        {
          "id": "forced-landing-5",
          "type": "action",
          "text": "Fuel selector",
          "response": "OFF",
          "tickable": true,
          "memory_item": true
        },
        {
          "id": "forced-landing-6",
          "type": "action",
          "text": "Mixture",
          "response": "IDLE CUT-OFF",
          "tickable": true,
          "memory_item": true
        },
        {
          "id": "forced-landing-7",
          "type": "action",
          "text": "Ignition",
          "response": "OFF at short final, prior to flare",
          "tickable": true,
          "memory_item": true
        },
        {
          "id": "forced-landing-8",
          "type": "action",
          "text": "Master switch",
          "response": "OFF at short final, prior to flare",
          "tickable": true,
          "memory_item": true
        },
        {
          "id": "forced-landing-9",
          "type": "action",
          "text": "Seat belts and shoulder harnesses",
          "response": "CONFIRM TIGHT ON ALL OCCUPANTS",
          "tickable": true,
          "memory_item": true
        },
        {
          "id": "forced-landing-10",
          "type": "action",
          "text": "Doors — unlatch before touchdown to prevent jamming in impact; hold door slightly ajar",
          "response": "UNLATCHED BEFORE TOUCHDOWN",
          "tickable": true,
          "memory_item": true
        },
        {
          "id": "forced-landing-11",
          "type": "action",
          "text": "Flaps — extend on final as needed to control descent angle and landing speed per POH",
          "response": "AS REQUIRED FOR FIELD AND CONDITIONS",
          "tickable": true
        },
        {
          "id": "forced-landing-12",
          "type": "action",
          "text": "After landing — evacuate aircraft promptly and move upwind to prevent injury from possible fire",
          "response": "EVACUATE AND MOVE CLEAR",
          "tickable": true
        }
      ]
    }
  ]
}