666eaeba85ccb8ad25f18dbebbaab29a38468002420201ed19ca5a45e812a948 Type-generic by construction. Every aircraft-specific value (rotation speed, flap settings, magneto RPM drop limit, fuel quantity, oil pressure range) is absent. Consult the AFM/POH for the specific aircraft. Emergency procedures are not included. Use the AFM/POH emergency checklist for the specific aircraft. The AFH's numbered takeoff checks are phrased as questions. They are rendered here as action/response pairs, which is an interpretation rather than a transcription.

Accomplish preflight inspection using the AFM/POH checklist for the specific aircraft. The sequence below is a generic reminder of the categories to cover; the specific items and their order depend on the aircraft. Cockpit Required documents (AROW): Airworthiness certificate, Registration, Operating limitations, Weight and balance ON BOARD Fuel quantity: visually check tanks match gauges QUANTITY NOTED AND CONFIRMED Never rely solely on fuel gauges. Visually inspect the fuel quantity in each tank and compare to the gauge reading. Fuel selector ON FULLEST TANK OR BOTH Mixture RICH Master switch ON — CHECK FUEL GAUGES, THEN OFF Ignition OFF Flight controls FREE AND CORRECT SENSE — FULL TRAVEL Trim: elevator (and rudder/aileron if equipped) SET TO NEUTRAL FOR INSPECTION Pitot heat (if equipped) CHECKED If equipped Exterior walk-around Complete the exterior inspection in a consistent sequence — typically left (pilot) door, left wing, nose, right wing, right door, empennage — per the AFM/POH. Fuel: drain sample from each sump — check for water and correct grade CLEAR, CORRECT COLOR, NO WATER Oil: check quantity and condition WITHIN LIMITS, CORRECT GRADE Engine compartment: no fluid leaks, no loose items, hoses and wiring secure NO DISCREPANCIES Propeller: no nicks, cracks, or cord showing; hub secure NO DEFECTS Landing gear and tires: inflation, wear, brake line condition, no hydraulic leaks SERVICEABLE Wing leading edge, skin, control surfaces: no damage, hinges secure NO DAMAGE Flap condition and hinge pins SERVICEABLE Pitot tube: unobstructed, cover removed CLEAR Static ports: unobstructed CLEAR Empennage: control surfaces, hinges, trim tab, no damage SECURE, NO DAMAGE Tie-downs, chocks, and control locks REMOVED

Passenger briefing SEAT BELTS, DOOR, NO TOUCHING CONTROLS Seats and seat belts ADJUSTED AND FASTENED Brakes SET Fuel selector FULLEST TANK OR BOTH Circuit breakers ALL IN Electrical equipment OFF Avionics master OFF Master switch (battery and alternator) ON Anti-collision light (strobe or beacon) ON Mixture RICH (or as required for altitude) Prime: per AFM/POH for engine temperature PRIMED Throttle SLIGHTLY OPEN (~1/4 INCH) Look around, call "CLEAR PROP" and wait Ignition START Oil pressure RISING WITHIN 30 SECONDS — SHUT DOWN IF NOT If oil pressure does not show within 30 seconds (cold weather: 60 seconds), shut down and investigate before engine damage occurs. Avionics master ON Engine: warm up at 1,000 RPM until oil temperature rises WARMING

Taxi checks are sometimes specified by the AFM/POH; accomplish any items that are required. Where none are specified, use the taxi to verify and cross-check the flight instruments. Airspeed indicator AT OR NEAR ZERO Attitude indicator PITCH AND ROLL LEVEL, NO FLAGS Altimeter FIELD ELEVATION WITHIN LIMITS Turn indicator CORRECT DIRECTION, BALL OUTSIDE TURN, NO FLAGS Directional gyro SET AND CROSS-CHECKED TO MAGNETIC COMPASS Vertical speed indicator ZERO Brakes: test at slow taxi speed EFFECTIVE

Use the before-takeoff checklist in this aircraft's AFM/POH to perform the run-up. Choose a run-up location that is firm and free of debris. The propeller may pick up pebbles and hurl them rearward. Prolonged ground operation may overheat the cylinders long before oil temperature indicates a rise. Head as nearly as possible into the wind, and monitor cylinder head temperature if equipped. Oil temperature WITHIN RANGE BEFORE HIGH POWER Many engines require oil temperature to reach a minimum value stated in the AFM/POH before takeoff power is applied. Systems checked and set Fuel system ON, PROPER TANK SELECTED Trim SET FOR TAKEOFF Flaps SET PER AFM/POH FOR DEPARTURE Flight controls FREE AND CORRECT, FULL TRAVEL Mixture RICH (or set per AFM/POH for altitude) Engine operation: magneto check, carburetor heat check, RPM and temperatures WITHIN AFM/POH LIMITS Engine gauges: oil pressure and temperature, fuel pressure (if applicable) IN GREEN RANGE Electrical system: voltage, ammeter CHARGING, VOLTAGE IN RANGE Vacuum system (if mechanical gyros) IN RANGE If equipped Flight instruments RECHECKED AND SET FOR DEPARTURE Avionics: frequencies, navigation sources, transponder code SET Seats and seat belts ADJUSTED AND FASTENED Doors and windows LATCHED Takeoff briefing: runway, wind, Vr, initial turn, engine failure actions COMPLETE, STATED ALOUD State aloud even when flying solo. Includes: correct surface and direction (to prevent wrong-surface departure), rotation speed, initial turn and altitude, and actions for engine failure below Vr, after Vr with runway remaining, and after Vr with no runway remaining.

Runway numbers vs. magnetic compass and heading indicator AGREE Doors and windows LATCHED AND CLOSED AS REQUIRED Controls: positioned for crosswind POSITIONED Power: advancing smoothly to full CORRECT Engine RPM at full power NORMAL PER AFM/POH Engine SMOOTH Engine instruments: all in green NORMAL

Perform the after-landing checklist only after the airplane is stopped clear of the runway. Pilots have retracted the landing gear instead of the flaps by manipulating the wrong handle while the aircraft was still moving. Slow gradually to normal taxi speed before turning off the landing runway Use the after-landing checklist in this aircraft's AFM/POH. Flaps RETRACTED (unless POH specifies otherwise) Carburetor heat OFF If carburetor-equipped Trim RESET TO NEUTRAL Transponder STANDBY OR AS DIRECTED BY ATC

Parking brake SET Avionics master OFF Throttle: idle for engine cool-down per AFM/POH IDLING Mixture CUTOFF (to stop engine by fuel starvation) Stopping the engine by pulling mixture to cutoff rather than switching off the magnetos prevents afterfiring and is recommended by most manufacturers. Ignition OFF Master switch OFF Fuel selector OFF (if aircraft has a fuel shutoff position) If aircraft has a fuel shutoff position Control lock INSTALLED Tie-down: chock, tie down or hangar as required SECURED Pitot cover INSTALLED If applicable