4c90117c06bf1f3afb4f07ab641485ad854bf2a62fea740cc9806cb2450bf33c Type-generic by construction. Every aircraft-specific limit (RPM, CHT, EGT, fuel type, oil ratio, fuel quantity) is absent; consult the POH for the PPC being flown. The Handbook covers single-engine PPCs. Twin-engine PPCs (such as the PM-2) have additional considerations for engine synchronisation and single-engine handling not covered here. The Handbook's prose procedures have been converted to challenge/response format by the transcriber. Wording may not match the pilot's POH.

Before going to the field, evaluate the PAVE factors: Pilot, Aircraft, enVironment, External pressures. Establish personal minimums for each factor before proceeding. Pilot (experience, currency, rest, illness, medication, stress) FIT FOR FLIGHT Aircraft (fuel, weight within limits, density altitude, required equipment) WITHIN LIMITS enVironment (weather at departure, route, destination; NOTAMs; TFRs) ACCEPTABLE External pressures (schedules, purpose of flight, perceived expectations) NOT AFFECTING DECISION Weather: wind speed and direction, gusts, thermals, convective activity WITHIN PERSONAL MINIMUMS Density altitude CALCULATED AND ACCEPTABLE

The following certificates and documents must be on board when the aircraft is operated. The mnemonic AROW: Airworthiness certificate, Registration, Operating limitations, Weight and balance. Airworthiness certificate ON BOARD Registration certificate ON BOARD Operating limitations (AFM/POH, placards, or instrument markings) ON BOARD Weight and balance data ON BOARD Pilot certificate and photo ID (or valid driver's licence for Sport Pilots) IN POSSESSION Aircraft logbooks (not required on board, but review for required inspections) ANNUAL INSPECTION CURRENT

The PPC walk-around covers five tasks: (1) cart inspection, (2) powerplant inspection, (3) equipment check, (4) engine warm-up and check, (5) wing and suspension line inspection. Perform in a consistent, systematic sequence every flight. Cart Nosewheel: play, tire inflation, axle bolt SECURE, PROPERLY INFLATED Ground steering bar connections and range of motion SMOOTH, FULL RANGE Front fork to nosewheel and gooseneck connections SECURE Brakes (if installed): cable or hydraulic, pads, alignment, no leaks SERVICEABLE Pilot seat, rails, seat belt attachment points SECURE, NO CRACKS, SEAT PIN LOCKED Ignition and battery switches OFF Primer or primer bulb (if equipped) RESISTANCE FELT, NO LEAKS Throttle control: full range of motion, no binding FREE AND SMOOTH Altimeter: set to field elevation or barometric pressure (if equipped) SET Engine instrument master ON: note fuel quantity indication NOTED FOR COMPARISON Airframe: distortion, wear points, loose bolts, cable kinks or frays NO DEFECTS Rear wheels, axle, tires: inflation, cuts, wear, wheel rotation SERVICEABLE Fuel and oil Fuel: type, grade, and quantity — visually confirm tank level matches gauge CORRECT TYPE, QUANTITY CONFIRMED Check engine manufacturer's recommendation for fuel type and, on two-stroke engines, oil-to-fuel premix ratio. Incorrect ratio causes seizure. Fuel sample: color, clarity, no water CLEAR, NO CONTAMINATION Oil level and type (four-stroke, or two-stroke oil injection reservoir) WITHIN LIMITS, CORRECT TYPE Powerplant Treat the propeller as live at all times. Keep the propeller arc clear during all ground operations. Propeller blades: cracks, chips, nicks; blade bolts secure NO DAMAGE, BOLTS SECURE Engine area: clear of loose items that could enter propeller arc CLEAR Carburetor(s): secure; air filter condition and fit SECURE, FILTER CLEAN Rubber manifolds: no cracks SERVICEABLE Spark plug caps: secure on all cylinders SECURE Gear reduction box: no leaking seals, no play in gears SERVICEABLE Fuel lines: no fuel dye staining (indicates leakage), no deterioration NO LEAKS Oil lines and drain plug: no leaks, cap secure SECURE, NO LEAKS Exhaust system: no white staining (exhaust leaks), springs secure, no cracks SECURE, NO LEAKS Cooling system (liquid-cooled engines): coolant level, overflow reservoir WITHIN LIMITS All visible wires and lines: security and condition SECURE, NO DAMAGE

Perform wing inspection before every flight. The wing is as critical to airworthiness as the engine. Inspect methodically in the same order each time. Wind direction IDENTIFIED — POINT CART INTO WIND Wing removed from bag: not twisted, rotated, or turned CORRECT ORIENTATION CONFIRMED Wing fabric: tears, burns, abrasions, UV deterioration, cell debris NO DEFECTS, CELLS CLEAR Wing laid out centered behind cart — "X" in suspension lines directly behind prop centerline CENTERED Riser cables at cart attachment: not twisted around airframe, secure links finger-tight plus quarter-turn SECURE, NOT TWISTED A-lines separated from B-lines at riser connection; A/C lines on top of B/D lines SEPARATED AND CLEAR Suspension lines: no tangles, knots, pressure knots, or broken strands; lines not wrapped over top of wing CLEAR — NO LINE-OVERS A line-over is a line that goes over the top of the wing rather than straight to the riser. It will prevent proper inflation and is a no-go item. Inspect the leading edge and top surface carefully. A line-over causes catastrophic wing deformation on inflation. Do not launch with any line-over present. Steering lines: clear of suspension lines, anchor knots secure, lines flow freely through guides and pulleys FREE AND SECURE Line-over check: no line over top surface of wing CONFIRMED — CLEAR Debris around wing and lines: ground clear of twigs, sticks, and objects that could cause pressure knots CLEAR

Front wheels BRACED OR CHOCKED Area behind cart and in propeller arc CLEAR Wing lines AWAY FROM PROPELLER ARC Anti-collision strobe (if independent switch) ON Fuel system: prime as equipped PRIMED PER POH Throttle IDLE Call "CLEAR PROP" — wait for clear response from bystanders before starting Magneto switches ON Engine gauge master switch ON Start engine — keep one hand on throttle Oil pressure (if applicable) RISING TO NORMAL RANGE If oil pressure does not rise to manufacturer's specified value within a few seconds, shut down immediately to prevent engine damage. Starter engaged warning light (if equipped) NOT ILLUMINATED

Never skip the engine warm-up. Running a cold engine at high power is a leading cause of engine damage on two-stroke and four-stroke engines alike. Idle warm-up: allow engine to reach minimum operating temperature TEMPERATURE RISING NORMALLY Minimum warm-up time is per the engine manufacturer's POH. In temperatures below 50°F, extend warm-up time. Monitor CHT. Engine gauges TEMPERATURES AND PRESSURES IN NORMAL RANGE Area behind cart still clear CLEAR Advance throttle to approximately 75% — hold 10 seconds SMOOTH OPERATION, NO ROUGH RUNNING Ignition system check (dual ignition): switch one off, check RPM, restore; then alternate BOTH CIRCUITS OPERATIONAL, RPM DROP WITHIN LIMITS RPM at run-up power WITHIN MANUFACTURER'S LIMITS Engine temperatures (CHT, EGT) at run-up WITHIN LIMITS — DO NOT FLY IF ABNORMAL Throttle to idle — engine settles smoothly CONFIRMED

The before-takeoff check is the final systematic check of engine, controls, systems, and avionics before flight. It is also a go/no-go decision point. Engine temperatures: confirm still within minimums since warm-up WITHIN LIMITS Wind direction RECHECKED — TAKEOFF POSITION CONFIRMED INTO WIND Steering and suspension lines: not in path of tires, not tangled in riser cables CLEAR Seat belt and shoulder harness FASTENED AND SNUG Seat position (if adjustable) LOCKED Loose items: nothing able to enter propeller arc SECURED Wire routing (GPS, intercom, headsets): does not interfere with controls CONFIRMED Strobe lights ON Electric fuel pump (if applicable) ON Fuel quantity ADEQUATE FOR INTENDED FLIGHT Ignition system check (final) COMPLETE Traffic pattern and intended takeoff runway/area CHECKED — CLEAR Radio call or traffic scan (as applicable) COMPLETE Passenger briefing (if passenger aboard) COMPLETE — SEATBELTS, EMERGENCY PROCEDURES, HANDS AND FEET INSIDE

LOC: L — Lines Free; O — Cells Open; C — Wing Centered. Do not advance to takeoff thrust until the wing passes the LOC check. Throttle: advance smoothly to one-half to two-thirds takeoff power SMOOTH APPLICATION Too abrupt an application yanks the wing forward and can damage the riser system. Feet on steering bars throughout takeoff roll IN POSITION Wing inflating and rising: correct for any side that rises faster WING RISING SYMMETRICALLY If a line-over is visible (wing pinched and deformed), shut down immediately and re-lay the wing. Do not continue the takeoff roll. LOC check: Lines free L — CONFIRMED LOC check: all Cells open including end cells O — CONFIRMED LOC check: Wing Centered overhead, forward to riser attachment points C — CONFIRMED Advance throttle to takeoff thrust SMOOTH APPLICATION TO FULL POWER Directional control during ground roll MAINTAINED WITH STEERING BARS

After liftoff: maintain full power and climb away from ground FULL POWER MAINTAINED Initial climb path: aligned with takeoff direction — clear of obstacles CLEAR Engine temperatures during climb MONITORED — WITHIN LIMITS On a hot day or at density altitude, allow CHT to stabilize before sustained climbs. Reduce power if approaching limits. Reduce to cruise power at safe maneuvering altitude REDUCED TO CRUISE SETTING

RPM SET TO CRUISE PER POH Engine temperatures: CHT and EGT STABLE WITHIN NORMAL RANGE Avoid prolonged idle on two-stroke engines during descent. Make brief power additions every 30–60 seconds to prevent plug fouling and prevent CHT from dropping too rapidly. Fuel endurance: note time and fuel remaining ADEQUATE — LAND BEFORE EXHAUSTION Consult POH for fuel burn and minimum reserve. Manage the flight so that you land with the required fuel reserve remaining — do not plan to land on fumes.

Approach: plan into wind where possible INTO WIND Landing area: clear of obstacles, suitable surface CONFIRMED CLEAR Airspeed: maintain above stall during entire approach ABOVE MINIMUM Avoid rapid throttle changes on approach. Rapid throttle movements cause pitch oscillations (porpoising). Use slow, smooth throttle inputs. Throttle to idle on short final IDLE Flare: begin approximately 1 second above the ground — push both foot steering bars smoothly forward SMOOTH FULL FLARE Hold flare as rear wheels touch. Do not release flare when close to the ground without power — the canopy will surge forward and produce a dive. After touchdown: release flare smoothly — collapse canopy immediately CANOPY COLLAPSED AND CONTROLLED

Idle: allow engine to cool for at least 1 minute IDLING — TEMPERATURES DROPPING Magneto switches OFF Propeller stopped: confirm before approaching STOPPED — CONFIRMED All electronics and instruments OFF Fuel valve (if applicable) OFF Canopy: fold, pack into wing bag, and secure PACKED AND SECURED Pack the canopy immediately after landing to protect from UV exposure and unexpected wind gusts. A free wing can be picked up by wind and drag the cart. Fuel cap SECURE, VENT CLEAR Tie-down or hangar as required SECURED