Cessna 152 — Normal Operating Procedures (independently worded)

Preflight Walk-Around Aircraft documents (airworthiness certificate, registration, POH, weight and balance) ON BOARD AND CURRENT Required placards and markings IN PLACE AND LEGIBLE Fuel quantity — visually verify each tank with dipstick or sight gauge CONFIRMED, ADEQUATE FOR PLANNED FLIGHT Fuel caps — both tanks SECURED Fuel sumps (both tank drains and gascolator) — drain and check for water and correct grade CLEAR, CORRECT GRADE Engine oil level WITHIN ACCEPTABLE RANGE PER POH Oil filler cap REPLACED AND SECURED Engine compartment — inspect for fluid leaks, loose hoses, bird nests, and foreign objects CLEAR AND SECURE Cowling fasteners SECURE Propeller and spinner — inspect for nicks, cracks, corrosion, and security SERVICEABLE, SPINNER SECURE Nose gear strut and tire — check inflation, shimmy damper, and condition ADEQUATE AND UNDAMAGED Left main gear — strut, tire, and brake INFLATED, BRAKE PADS ADEQUATE, NO LEAKS Left wing leading edge, skin, and fuel tank sump drain area NO DAMAGE OR DEFORMATION Left aileron, hinges, and control rod — check for security and freedom of movement FREE AND SECURE Left wingtip and navigation light UNDAMAGED, LIGHT LENS INTACT Flaps — inspect hinges, actuator arm, and skin; check for correct retracted position UNDAMAGED, RETRACTED The 152 uses electrically operated flaps. Inspect the actuator linkage on each side for security. Stall warning opening (left leading edge) — verify clear and vane moves freely CLEAR AND FUNCTIONAL Tail — horizontal stabilizer, elevator, trim tab, and rudder SECURE, FREE MOVEMENT, NO DAMAGE Antennas SECURE AND UNDAMAGED Right wing — mirror of left side checks (wingtip, aileron, leading edge, fuel sump, gear) NO DAMAGE, ALL SECURE Right main gear — strut, tire, and brake INFLATED, BRAKE PADS ADEQUATE, NO LEAKS Pitot tube — cover removed, opening clear of obstructions COVER REMOVED, UNOBSTRUCTED Static ports — check both sides clear UNOBSTRUCTED Tie-down ropes and chocks REMOVED

Cockpit Preparation / Before Start Pilot and passenger briefing — seatbelts, door latching, no smoking, emergency exits COMPLETE Seats — position adjusted for full rudder and brake pedal travel, seat track locked ADJUSTED AND LOCKED Seat belts and shoulder harness FASTENED AND SNUG Control lock REMOVED AND STOWED Flight controls — check for full and unobstructed travel in all axes FREE AND CORRECT All electrical switches OFF Avionics master switch OFF (leave off during start) Fuel selector valve BOTH ON Flap switch — confirm flaps up UP, INDICATOR CONFIRMED Elevator trim SET TO TAKEOFF POSITION Mixture control RICH (full forward for sea-level operations) Carburetor heat COLD (OFF) Circuit breakers ALL IN Brakes — test for firm pressure while stationary FIRM AND HOLDING Parking brake SET

Engine Start Master switch (battery) ON Beacon / anti-collision light ON Throttle OPEN APPROXIMATELY ONE-QUARTER INCH Primer — use as required for conditions; lock securely after use AS REQUIRED, LOCKED IN Cold starts generally require more priming strokes than warm restarts. Confirm primer is fully in and locked to prevent uncontrolled fuel delivery during start. Visually verify the propeller arc is clear of personnel and obstructions, then call 'CLEAR PROP' Ignition switch START — RELEASE AS SOON AS ENGINE FIRES Throttle — after start REDUCE TO IDLE WARM-UP RPM Oil pressure RISING WITHIN 30 SECONDS — IF NOT, SHUT DOWN Ammeter POSITIVE CHARGE INDICATION Avionics master ON Engine instruments — oil temp, oil pressure CHECKED, WARMING

After Start / Before Taxi ATIS or local weather OBTAINED AND NOTED Taxi clearance from ground control OBTAINED, OR FIELD CLEAR Transponder CODE SET, ALTITUDE MODE Altimeter SET TO CURRENT ALTIMETER SETTING; FIELD ELEVATION CONFIRMED Directional gyro / heading indicator ALIGNED WITH MAGNETIC COMPASS Flight instruments — airspeed, attitude indicator, turn coordinator CHECKED (AIRSPEED ZERO, GYROS ERECT) Radios and avionics SET FOR DEPARTURE Lights — as required for conditions and traffic SET

Run-Up / Before Takeoff Parking brake SET Engine oil temperature and pressure IN GREEN ARCS Fuel selector valve BOTH ON Mixture RICH (ADJUST FOR DENSITY ALTITUDE PER POH) Carburetor heat COLD (OFF) BEFORE ADVANCING TO RUN-UP POWER Throttle — advance to run-up power per POH RUN-UP RPM SET Magnetos — check LEFT, then RIGHT, then BOTH; note RPM drop on each DROPS WITHIN POH LIMITS; RETURNS TO BOTH Maximum allowable RPM drop on a single magneto and the maximum spread between magnetos are specified in the POH. Excessive drop or rough running requires investigation before flight. Carburetor heat — apply FULL HOT; note RPM response; return to COLD RPM DROP CONFIRMS HEAT FUNCTIONING; RETURNED TO COLD A slight RPM drop on HOT is normal. A rough-running engine followed by a recovery indicates ice was present. Return carb heat to COLD for takeoff. This check is especially important on the 152 — the O-235 is susceptible to carb ice. Throttle — reduce to idle; verify smooth idle IDLE SMOOTH AND STABLE Suction / vacuum gauge IN GREEN ARC Ammeter and electrical AMMETER POSITIVE, NO CIRCUIT BREAKERS TRIPPED Flight controls — final check for full and correct deflection FREE AND CORRECT Flaps — set for departure per POH and conditions SET AS REQUIRED, POSITION CONFIRMED Elevator trim TAKEOFF POSITION Takeoff briefing — abort point, engine-failure action, departure routing BRIEFED Doors and windows CLOSED AND LATCHED Carburetor heat — confirm COLD before applying takeoff power COLD

Takeoff Runway — confirm correct runway and that it is clear CONFIRMED CLEAR Transponder ALTITUDE (ALT) MODE Throttle — advance smoothly to full power FULL POWER Engine instruments at full power RPM AND INDICATIONS IN RANGE Maintain directional control with rudder — correct for left-turning tendency with right rudder Rotate at speed per POH and establish climb attitude CLIMB ATTITUDE ESTABLISHED

Climb Airspeed — establish normal climb speed per POH (Vy or Vx as required) CLIMB SPEED PER POH Throttle FULL POWER (OR CRUISE CLIMB PER POH) Carburetor heat COLD UNLESS ICING CONDITIONS SUSPECTED Apply carb heat if operating in visible moisture or in the temperature range susceptible to carb ice. Check for a response (RPM change) to confirm effectiveness. Mixture RICH OR LEANED FOR HIGH-ALTITUDE FIELDS PER POH Flaps — retract at safe altitude with positive rate of climb if used for takeoff UP Engine instruments — oil temperature and pressure IN GREEN ARCS Trim ADJUSTED FOR HANDS-OFF CLIMB Scan for traffic; make frequency changes and position reports as required

Cruise Throttle — set desired cruise power per POH performance tables CRUISE POWER SET Mixture — lean per POH for altitude and power setting LEANED PER POH Carburetor heat — apply if icing conditions are likely; otherwise COLD COLD OR ON AS CONDITIONS WARRANT Carb ice can form across a wide temperature range in moist air. Periodic carb heat checks during cruise are good practice on this type. Engine instruments — oil temperature, oil pressure, ammeter IN NORMAL RANGE Fuel quantity — compare gauge readings against elapsed time and planned fuel burn ADEQUATE FOR DESTINATION PLUS LEGAL RESERVE Altimeter and directional gyro CHECK AND RESET AS REQUIRED EN ROUTE Trim ADJUSTED FOR LEVEL FLIGHT Maintain altitude, track, and traffic scan; cross-check position against chart or GPS

Descent Carburetor heat — apply FULL HOT before reducing power for descent ON BEFORE POWER REDUCTION Carb ice is most likely to form during power reductions in moist air. Apply heat before throttling back, not after. Throttle — reduce to desired descent power; avoid prolonged idle DESCENT POWER SET Mixture — enrichen progressively as descending ENRICHING WITH DESCENT Altimeter SET TO DESTINATION OR CURRENT AREA SETTING ATIS or destination weather OBTAINED — ACTIVE RUNWAY AND WINDS NOTED Fuel selector BOTH ON (CONFIRMED) Engine instruments ALL WITHIN NORMAL LIMITS

Before Landing Seat belts and shoulder harnesses — all occupants SECURE Fuel selector BOTH ON Mixture RICH Carburetor heat — apply FULL HOT before reducing power on approach ON Apply carb heat before the power reduction for approach. Return to COLD in the event of a go-around. Landing light ON Flaps — extend to desired setting per POH for approach type SET AS REQUIRED, POSITION CONFIRMED Approach airspeed ESTABLISHED PER POH FOR FLAP CONFIGURATION Runway — confirm clear and cleared to land or traffic clear CONFIRMED CLEAR

Landing Final approach — maintain stabilized airspeed per POH to the threshold APPROACH SPEED PER POH Begin flare smoothly over the threshold; arrest the rate of descent and allow airspeed to bleed Touch down on main wheels in level or slightly nose-high attitude; keep nosewheel off as long as practical After touchdown, maintain centerline with rudder and allow speed to reduce before heavy braking Brakes — apply smoothly and progressively as required to stop in available runway APPLIED AS REQUIRED Carburetor heat COLD (OFF) AFTER CONFIRMED ON GROUND

Go-Around Throttle FULL POWER — SMOOTH AND IMMEDIATE Carburetor heat COLD (OFF) Carb heat reduces available power. Set COLD simultaneously with or just after applying full throttle. Pitch attitude — establish positive climb; arrest any sink CLIMB ATTITUDE ESTABLISHED Flaps — retract incrementally to takeoff position first; never retract all at once from full flaps RETRACTED INCREMENTALLY PER POH Airspeed — maintain at or above best rate-of-climb speed; retract remaining flaps as speed and altitude allow VY OR PER POH Trim ADJUST FOR CLIMB Advise ATC and maintain awareness of other traffic in the pattern

After Landing Carburetor heat COLD (OFF) Flaps RETRACTED (UP) Landing light OFF (OR PER PREFERENCE) Transponder STANDBY OR AS DIRECTED Taxi clear of the active runway before running the shutdown checklist

Shutdown and Securing Parking brake SET Avionics master and all electrical accessories OFF Throttle IDLE Allow engine to run at idle briefly to cool cylinder heads before shutting down Mixture IDLE CUT-OFF (PULL FULL AFT) Ignition switch — after propeller stops OFF Master switch (battery) OFF Control lock INSTALLED Fuel selector BOTH ON OR OFF PER LOCAL PRACTICE Tie-downs, chocks, and pitot cover INSTALLED Complete post-flight walk-around — note any leaks, damage, or discrepancies in the aircraft log