cdc9a0fcd5699a5a5f50c38f11db750d755bc69f5d0ee97c278b72ae0df90c16 Section "Landing" item count differs between passes (25 vs 24); verify nothing was dropped. Section "Landing (Obstacle)" item count differs between passes (6 vs 5); verify nothing was dropped. Section "Preflight Inspection" item count differs between passes (71 vs 70); verify nothing was dropped. Section "Starting" item count differs between passes (24 vs 23); verify nothing was dropped. Section "Taxi" item count differs between passes (13 vs 14); verify nothing was dropped.

All airspeeds in this section are indicated (IAS) unless stated otherwise and corrected to the nearest 5 MPH assuming maximum gross weight. See Section IV for exact airspeeds with various gross weights. CABIN Flight Controls UNLOCKED Gear Switch DOWN Fuel Selector MAIN All Switches OFF Landing Gear Hydraulic Reservoir CHECK RIGHT WING Flaps and Aileron CHECK condition, freedom of movement, security Wing Tip & Light CHECK condition Leading Edge CHECK condition Fuel CHECK quantity, color green, cap secure, scupper dry, scupper drain open Fresh Air Intake CHECK unobstructed RIGHT MAIN GEAR Do not contact the over center linkage as the landing gear may try to retract. Chocks and Tie Down REMOVE Tire CHECK condition, inflation (55 PSI) Brakes CHECK condition, leakage Strut and Linkage CHECK condition, leakage Strut Retraction Cable CHECK condition, attachment, routing Squat Switch CHECK condition, security Fairing Door & Wheel Well CHECK condition, security Fuel Drains (3) DRAIN using quick drain under wing, CHECK leakage NOSE SECTION Exhaust Stack CHECK secure, freedom of movement Cowling CHECK secure, oil and gas leakage, remove and replace top cowling every five pre-flights to view engine components normally hidden Windshield CHECK condition Propeller and Spinner CHECK condition Air Intakes CHECK unobstructed Gear Strut CHECK condition, leakage Tire CHECK condition, inflation (35 PSI) Fuel DRAIN gasolator, CHECK leakage Oil CHECK quantity (7 qts. min; recommend 10 qts), inspection door secure Oil Filler Access CHECK visual engine, cap, inspection door secure LEFT MAIN GEAR Chocks and Tie Down REMOVE Tire CHECK condition, inflation (55 PSI) Brakes CHECK condition, leakage Strut and Linkage CHECK condition, leakage Strut Retract Cable CHECK condition, attachment, routing Fairing Door & Wheel Well CHECK condition, security Fuel Drains (3) DRAIN using quick drain under wing, CHECK leakage LEFT WING Fresh Air Intake CHECK unobstructed Fuel CHECK quantity, color green, cap secure, scupper dry, scupper drain open Stall Warning Vane CHECK freedom of movement Leading Edge CHECK condition Static Drain CHECK, CLOSED Landing/Taxi Light CHECK condition Pitot Tube CHECK unobstructed Wing Tip & Light CHECK condition Flaps and Aileron CHECK condition, freedom of movement, security LEFT FUSELAGE Fabric CHECK condition, oil, hydraulic fluid, leakage Windows CHECK condition Radio Antennas CHECK secure Fuselage Fuel Drains CHECK EMPENNAGE Horizontal Stabilizer and Struts CHECK secure, condition Vertical Stabilizer CHECK condition Rudder CHECK condition, secure, freedom of movement, tab secure Tail/Skid/Tie Down CHECK condition, REMOVE tie down RIGHT FUSELAGE Fabric CHECK condition, oil, hydraulic fluid, leakage Windows CHECK condition Radio Antennas CHECK secure Auxiliary Fuel CHECK quantity, cap secure BAGGAGE COMPARTMENT Baggage STOWED Cargo Net ATTACHED Door Secure CLOSED, latched, locked

Seat ADJUST, CHECKED locked Shoulder Harness/Seat Belt FASTENED Master Switch OFF Ignition OFF Radio Master OFF Light Switches OFF Strobe Light Switch OFF Gear Switch DOWN Mixture Control IDLE CUT-OFF, full out Propeller Control FULL INCREASE RPM, full in Throttle Control CLOSED, full out Flap Switch UP Circuit Breakers IN Fuel Selector FULLEST MAIN WING TANK Emergency Gear Extension Lever UP Master Switch ON Gear Lights THREE GREEN Fuel Gauges OPERATING correctly Alternator Warning Lights ILLUMINATED

Throttle FULL OPEN, full in Mixture FULL RICH, full in Aux Fuel Pump HIGH PRIME until fuel flow/pressure indicator indicates in green arc (16 GPH), then OFF Throttle CRACKED OPEN, full out then in 1/2 inch Brakes CHECK firm and SET Propeller CLEAR front and rear Starter ENGAGE, release to BOTH after engine fires Throttle 1000-1200 RPM Mixture LEAN Oil Pressure CHECK must indicate pressure within 30 seconds maximum Radio Master CHECK on/CYCLE to ALT/RETURN to ON Lights AS DESIRED Engine Instruments CHECK After starting do not operate the engine above 1000-1200 RPM until oil temperature is in the green arc. To clear an engine that has been flooded due to excessive priming, proceed as follows: Mixture IDLE CUT-OFF Throttle FULL OPEN Auxiliary Fuel Pump OFF Brakes SET Starter ENGAGE until engine fires Repeat normal starting procedures USE little or no prime During cold weather operation (below 20°F) it is recommended that the engine be preheated prior to starting to insure a longer service life for the starter motor and engine. Direct warm air 175°F max. through the opening in the bottom and/or the front of the cowl. After starting do not operate the engine above 1000-1200 RPM until oil temperature is in the green arc. Should the auxiliary power be required for starting, use the normal starting procedures. Connection of auxiliary power is described in Section VI.

Avoid taxing and high power operation on or near loose gravel or small stones as severe damage will result to the propeller and flaps, if in the down position. Oil Pressure CHECK, green arc Oil Temperature CHECK, green arc Alternator Warning Lights NOT ILLUMINATED Ammeter INDICATES positive charge Radios/Avionics ON Communications Radios TUNED and SET Audio Panel SET Visual Clearance CLEAR of obstructions Ammeter CHECK Parking Brake RELEASED Intentions ANNOUNCE TAXI To run up area

Parking Brake SET Brakes MONITOR, feet on brake pedals Fuel Selector FULLEST MAIN WING TANK Mixture Control FULL RICH Propeller Control FULL INCREASE RPM Auxiliary Fuel Pump OFF Engine Instruments CHECK normal indications Engine Run Up – 1800 RPM Magnetos CHECK (175 RPM max. drop, 50 RPM max. differential) Propeller CYCLE full decrease RPM until 200 RPM drop, then FULL INCREASE RPM, REPEAT 3 times total Engine Instruments CHECK all in green arc Throttle 1000-1200 RPM Controls CHECK freedom of movement, PROPER direction Trim CHECK operation, SET for takeoff at index Autopilot – CHECK Vacuum Gauge CHECK 4.75" TO 5.00" Autopilot Switch CHECK OFF HSI Course Selector SET runway heading Flaps SET HALF or UP and visually CHECK Circuit Breakers IN Flight Instruments – CHECK Transponder SET to on Gyro COMPARE to Compass, SET Artificial Horizon SET Pilots Vent Window CLOSED Cabin Door CLOSED, CHECK, LOCKED Seat and Shoulder Harness FASTENED

Transponder SET to ALT Taxi ALIGN aircraft with runway center line Throttle FULL OPEN applying smoothly Engine Instruments CHECK normal Lift Off V1 80 MPH Landing Gear UP (with positive rate of climb) Flaps UP after reaching 100 MPH and CLEAR of obstacles Propeller SET 2500 RPM Throttle REDUCE if desired to 25" MAP after reaching 110 MPH IAS Should the throttle be reduced prior to reaching 105 MPH the landing gear will automatically extend. Aircraft take-off characteristics are conventional and can be made with the flaps UP or HALF. Half flaps are recommended except during strong cross winds because of shorter ground run and less nose high attitude required for lift-off. Take-off with the flaps UP requires sufficient elevator back pressure to insure lift-off at a reasonable speed.

Flaps SET HALF and CHECK Lift-Off 70 MPH Landing Gear RETRACT, immediately upon lift off Climb 75 MPH until clear of obstacle This procedure should be used only when necessary. Because of the high nose attitude required, the aircraft may stall if a power loss is experienced and the nose is not lowered immediately.

Flaps SET HALF and CHECK Elevator Control BACK, raise nose wheel off ground as soon as possible Lift-Off ASSIST using elevator back pressure After Lift Off LEVEL FLIGHT to obtain safe margin of airspeed Landing Gear RETRACT only after 110 MPH indicated The aircraft will lift-off at a very low IAS but continued climb-out immediately after lift-off is not recommended as a possible stall may occur.

Use normal take-off procedures. If engine roughness is noted during full power applications, leaning is permissible with the mixture control. Lean only that necessary to obtain smooth engine operation.

Throttle 25" MAP Propeller 2500 RPM Mixture FULL RICH for power settings above 75% Airspeed 120-130 MPH below 10,000 ft; 110-120 MPH above 10,000 ft Engine Instruments CHECK in green arc Using the normal climb procedures provides a good rate of climb and ground speed in addition to better forward visibility and adequate engine cooling.

Level Off TRIM Airspeed ACCELERATE to cruise Throttle SET to cruise MAP Propeller REDUCE to 2400 RPM or desired cruise RPM Mixture LEAN to rich side of peak Fuel Selector AUXILIARY TANK, will require trim as fuel is burned Fuel Pressure MONITOR, AUX FUEL PUMP if necessary During high altitude operation above 10,000 ft. it may be necessary to use the auxiliary fuel pump should a fluctuation of fuel pressure or flow be noted. This is due to the increased fuel vaporization rate caused by low atmospheric pressure. When level off altitude is reached, allow aircraft to accelerate to cruise airspeed prior to reducing power. An engine power setting of 75% will deliver maximum cruise performance. If maximum range is desired a lower power range setting should be used. Consult the flight performance data. The recommended propeller setting is 2400 RPM under most cruise conditions for maximum engine smoothness and lowest noise level. Lean when at or less than 75% power, using the exhaust gas temperature gauge as a primary reference. Recommended is 50°F less than the peak temperature at 75% power settings and 25°F less than the peak with 65% power and below. In all cases, lean on the rich side of the peak temperature. For additional information consult the engine operators manual.

Mixture FULL RICH or maintain rich side of peak EGT. Avoid shock cooling of the engine during descent. Throttle REDUCE, maintain normal cylinder head and oil temperature Propeller 2200-2400 RPM Airspeed AS DESIRED (190 MPH smooth air, 149 MPH turbulence) Fuel Selector FULLEST Main Wing Tank Descent should be planned using a comfortable rate of descent with arrival at the destination and level off altitude occurring at the same time. The mixture should be FULL RICH when initiating the let down. Gradual richening is permissible, but the EGT must always be on the rich side of peak EGT. The descent should be made with enough power to maintain cylinder head and oil temperature within the green arc. Do not allow the propeller to windmill the engine. If necessary, decrease propeller RPM and/or increase MAP.

Seat and Shoulder Harness FASTENED Fuel Selector FULLEST MAIN WING TANK Mixture RICH Approach & Landing BRIEFED Cockpit SECURED, items stowed, maps put away, approach plate in place

Downwind Fuel Selector FULLEST MAIN WING TANK Throttle 20" MAP Propeller 2200-2500 RPM Airspeed 120-130 MPH Gear DOWN, 140 MPH max. Flaps HALF, 120 MPH max. Base Leg Airspeed 100 MPH Final Airspeed 100 MPH to 90 MPH Flaps FULL DOWN on short final Airspeed 90 MPH FULL FLAPS, 100 MPH NO FLAPS Propeller FULL INCREASE RPM Throttle AS REQUIRED Touchdown Rudder pedals NEUTRALIZED prior to the nose wheel contacting the runway Throttle CLOSED Attitude NOSE HIGH, contact runway with main gear first Roll-Out Flaps UP Brakes AS NEEDED Aircraft landing characteristics are conventional and can be made with any desired flap setting. Full flaps are recommended, but due to high drag coefficient, they should not be fully extended until established on final approach. As the flaps and landing gear are extended, no abrupt or unusual pitch changes occur. However, it is recommended that the aircraft be kept in proper trim as the airspeed decreases. Crosswind landings can be accomplished with or without flaps. The wing down, top rudder method is recommended, but the rudder pedals MUST be neutralized prior to the nose wheel contacting the runway. During a balked landing or go around, add full throttle/power and raise the flaps to HALF if fully extended.

Landing over an obstacle is accomplished using the same procedures for the normal landing. On the final approach the following is recommended. Flaps FULL DOWN Propeller FULL INCREASE RPM Airspeed ESTABLISHED 90 MPH Throttle AS DESIRED, to control rate of descent With the throttle fully CLOSED and the flaps FULL DOWN a high rate of descent develops very rapidly. If airspeed is allowed to decrease below 90 MPH, level-off is possible ONLY with an application of power.

Brakes APPLIED Parking Brake SET Propeller FULL INCREASE RPM Electrical Equipment/Radios OFF Throttle CLOSED Mixture IDLE CUT-OFF Magnetos OFF, after propeller stops Master Switch OFF Controls SECURE, using seat belt Wheels CHOCKED Wing/Tail Tie-Downs SECURE